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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 10.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Med. 2011 Aug 14;17(9):1067–1075. doi: 10.1038/nm.2414

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Beta cell–specific GnT-4a protein glycosylation promotes systemic insulin sensitivity and inhibits development of hepatic steatosis. (a) Insulin challenge response measured in 16–18 week old littermates of indicated genotypes after 10 weeks of standard diet (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD) administration. (b) Phosphorylation of Akt-1 at Thr308 a nd IRS-1 at Ser307 in equivalent cellular protein preparations from adipose and muscle tissue of mice as in a after 2 min of insulin perfusion through inferior vena cava. (c) Euglycemic and hyperinsulinemic clamp studies after 10 weeks on HFD compared measurements of glucose infusion rate, glucose disposal rate, insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rate, and suppression of hepatic glucose production in response to insulin. The analyses included nine WT and seven Tg mice. (d,e) Liver tissue observed macroscopically (d) and by histological analysis stained with H&E (e). *P = 0.0017; **P = 0.0235; ***P = 0.0401 (single-tail t test). Data are means ± s.e.m. from three or more littermates unless otherwise indicated.