Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Patients With and Without Nosocomial Infections
| Variable | Uninfected Patients, n = 78 | Infected Patients, n = 142 | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 47.9 (15.1) | 49.5 (16.9) | .46 |
| Male sex | 57 (73) | 90 (63) | .14 |
| SAPS IIa | 60.4 (19.1) | 61.3 (20.4) | .76 |
| SOFA scorea | 11.6 (4.5) | 12.6 (4.5) | .17 |
| Performance status ≥2 | 23 (30) | 46 (33) | .65 |
| Body mass index, kg/cm² | 25.2 (5.6) | 25.3 (4.8) | .85 |
| McCabe score ≥2 | 37 (47) | 57 (40) | .29 |
| Underlying conditionb | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 9 (12) | 26 (18) | .19 |
| Renal insufficiency | 1 (1) | 5 (4) | .33 |
| COPD | 2 (3) | 6 (4) | .53 |
| Previous cardiac surgery | 12 (15) | 19 (13) | .68 |
| Pregnancy or postpartum | 3 (4) | 1 (1) | .09 |
| Immunocompromised statusc | 15 (19) | 49 (35) | .02 |
| Reason for ECMOd | |||
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 16 (21) | 18 (13) | .58 |
| Myocarditis | 14 (18) | 16 (11) | .68 |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 11 (14) | 31 (22) | .04 |
| Cardiac arrest | 11 (14) | 17 (12) | .66 |
| Postcardiotomy | 23 (29) | 55 (39) | .16 |
| CABG | 6 (8) | 12 (8) | .32 |
| Valve procedure | 7 (9) | 7 (5) | .73 |
| CABG and valve procedure | 0 | 2 (1) | .18 |
| Heart transplantation | 6 (8) | 25 (18) | .007 |
| Miscellaneous | 4 (6) | 9 (6) | .28 |
| Other reasons | 3 (4) | 5 (4) | |
| Site of ECMO cannulatione | |||
| Extrathoracic only | 45 (58) | 54 (38) | .005 |
| Extrathoracic then intrathoracic | 11 (14) | 47 (33) | .002 |
| Intrathoracic only | 22 (28) | 41 (29) | .71 |
| Location of the first ECMO cannulationf | |||
| Operating room | 33 (42) | 73 (51) | .20 |
| Catheterization lab | 1 (1) | 11 (8) | .04 |
| ICU | 32 (41) | 33 (23) | .006 |
| Mobile ECMO team | 12 (15) | 24 (17) | .96 |
| ICU days before ECMO | 1.4 (3.7) | 2.2 (7.5) | .35 |
| Hospital days before ECMO | 7.7 (14.5) | 6.2 (11.8) | .41 |
| Antibiotics at the time of ECMO cannulationg | 32 (41) | 52 (37) | .52 |
Data are No. (%) of patients or mean value (± standard deviation).
Abbreviations: CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; COPD, chronic obstructive airway disease; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ICU, intensive care unit; SAPS II, simplified acute physiology score; SOFA, sequential organ-failure assessment.
a Calculated at ICU admission.
b Global P value for underlying condition, P = .35.
c Includes patients with AIDs, solid organ transplantation, or hematological malignancy and those receiving chemotherapy, immunosuppressive agents, or long-term corticosteroid therapy.
d Global P value for reason for ECMO, P = .25.
e Global P value for site of ECMO cannulation, P = .004.
f Global P value for location of the first ECMO cannulation, P = .02.
g Includes patients who received prophylactic antibiotic therapy for central ECMO placement and those treated with antibiotics for an infection at the time of ECMO cannulation.