Table 2.
Microorganisms Associated With Various Nosocomial Infections in 142 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Patients
| Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia, n = 163a |
Cannula Infection, n = 21b |
Poststernotomy Mediastinitis, n = 23c |
Bloodstream Infection, n = 47d |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Organism | No. (%) | Organism | No. (%) | Organism | No. (%) | Organism | No. (%) |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 43 (26) | Escherichia coli | 5 (24) | Candida spp. | 8 (35) | P. aeruginosa | 10 (21) |
| Polymicrobiale | 19 (12) | Enterococcus spp. | 4 (19) | Staphylococcus epidermidis | 7 (30) | Enterococcus spp. | 7 (15) |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 16 (10) | S. epidermidis | 4 (19) | P. aeruginosa | 2 (9) | Escherichia coli | 6 (13) |
| Enterobacter sp. | 16 (10) | Polymicrobialf | 3 (14) | S. aureus | 2 (9 | S. epidermidis | 5 (10) |
| Escherichia coli | 14 (9) | S. aureus | 2 (10) | Escherichia coli | 2 (9) | S. aureus | 4 (9) |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 14 (9) | P. aeruginosa | 2 (10) | Enterobacter spp. | 1 (4) | Streptococcus spp. | 3 (6) |
| Klebsiella spp. | 10 (6) | Proteus mirabilis | 1 (5) | Neisseria sp. | 1 (4) | Enterobacter spp. | 3 (6) |
| Neisseria spp. | 5 (3) | Candida spp. | 3 (6) | ||||
| Proteus mirabilis | 5 (3) | Anaerobes spp.g | 3 (6) | ||||
| Streptococcus spp. | 4 (2) | Citrobacter sp. | 1 (2) | ||||
| Hafnia alvei | 3 (2) | Proteus mirabilis | 1 (2) | ||||
| Enterococcus spp. | 3 (2) | Polymicrobial | 1 (2) | ||||
| Serratia marcescens | 3 (2) | ||||||
| Citrobacter spp. | 2 (1) | ||||||
| Candida spp. | 2 (1) | ||||||
| S. epidermidis | 1 (1) | ||||||
| Aspergillus | 1 (1) | ||||||
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 1 (1) | ||||||
| Anaerobes | 1 (1) | ||||||
a One hundred sixty-three ventilator-associated pneumonia episodes occurred in 120 patients.
b Twenty-one cannula infections occurred in 20 patients.
c Twenty-three poststernotomy mediastinitis infections occurred in 20 patients.
d Forty-seven bloodstream infections occurred in 39 patients.
e Includes ≥2 oropharyngeal pathogens.
f Includes ≥2 pathogens.
g Anaerobes include 1 Clostridium and 2 Bacteroides.