Table 1.
Baseline clinical findings and the number of glomeruli obtained by renal biopsy in groups stratified according to the glomerular classification of diabetic nephropathy
| All (n=205) | Class I (n=13) | Class IIA (n=44) | Class IIB (n=55) | Class III (n=57) | Class IV (n=36) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (%) | 73.2 (n=150) | 61.5 (n=8) | 86.4 (n=38) | 70.9 (n=39) | 59.6 (n=34)c | 86.1 (n=31)g |
| Age (year) | 55.9 ± 13.0 | 40.2 ± 13.4 | 57.1 ± 13.5a | 53.9 ± 13.1a | 57.5 ± 10.6a | 60.6 ± 11.5a,f |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.0 ± 4.0 | 26.5 ± 4.4 | 24.7 ± 4.2 | 23.5 ± 3.7b | 23.6 ± 4.3b | 23.6 ± 3.3b |
| sBP (mmHg) | 145.7 ± 20.6 | 136.5 ± 14.0 | 139.8 ± 20.8 | 143.3 ± 15.8 | 151.2 ± 23.1b,d,f | 151.3 ± 21.7b,d |
| dBP (mmHg) | 81.7 ± 12.8 | 81.2 ± 15.5 | 80.8 ± 11.3 | 80.8 ± 11.0 | 82.4 ± 13.7 | 83.1 ± 14.9 |
| s-Cr (mg/dL) | 1.65 ± 0.95 (0.4–5.5) | 0.98 ± 0.30 (0.4–1.5) | 1.20 ± 0.51 (0.5–2.9) | 1.51 ± 0.79a,d (0.6–3.9) | 1.65 ± 0.85a,c (0.5–4.2) | 2.63 ± 1.18a,c,e,g (1.0–5.5) |
| CCr (mL/min) | 49.8 ± 28.3 | 78.3 ± 21.9 | 65.5 ± 30.6 | 51.9 ± 26.2a,d | 42.0 ± 22.5a,c | 28.9 ± 18.3a,c,e,g |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 44.3 ± 22.6 | 68.8 ± 22.1 | 56.9 ± 22.4 | 45.6 ± 19.9a,d | 40.0 ± 19.3a,c | 24.7 ± 11.3a,c,e,g |
| U-Pro (g/day) | 3.22 ± 3.27 | 0.81 ± 0.50 | 1.35 ± 1.77 | 3.36 ± 3.36a,c | 4.27 ± 3.51a,c,e | 4.66 ± 3.29a,c,e |
| s-Alb (g/dL) | 3.2 ± 0.7 | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.6a | 3.2 ± 0.6a,c | 2.8 ± 0.7a,c,e | 2.8 ± 0.5a,c,e |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.3 ± 1.9 | 7.9 ± 1.4 | 7.4 ± 1.6 | 7.6 ± 2.0 | 7.5 ± 2.1 | 6.4 ± 1.4a,c,f,g |
| Hb (g/dL) | 12.1 ± 2.4 | 14.8 ± 1.7 | 13.6 ± 1.8 | 12.1 ± 2.2a,c | 10.9 ± 1.8a,c,f | 10.9 ± 2.3a,c,f |
| Retinopathy (%) | 68.8 (n=141) | 15.4 (n=2) | 43.2 (n=19) | 76.4 (n=42)a,c | 86.0 (n=49)a,c | 80.6 (n=29)a,c |
| Type1 DM (%) | 10.7 (n=22) | 15.4 (n=2) | 9.1 (n=4) | 14.5 (n=8) | 12.3 (n=7) | 2.8 (n=1) |
| RBC in urinary sediment (%) | 10.7 (n=22) | 0 | 9.1 (n=4) | 10.9 (n=6) | 19.3 (n=11) | 2.8 (n=1)h |
| ACE-I or ARB (%) | 63.9 (n=131) | 15.4 (n=2) | 63.6 (n=28)a | 67.3 (n=37)a | 77.2 (n=44)a | 55.6 (n=20)b,h |
| Number of antihypertensive agent | 2.1 ± 1.4 | 0.5 ± 0.8 | 1.6 ± 1.3a | 2.1 ± 1.3a | 2.7 ± 1.5a,c,f | 2.4 ± 1.3a,c |
| ESA (%) | 7.8 (n=16) | 0 | 2.3 (n=1) | 1.8 (n=1) | 14.0 (n=8)f | 16.7 (n=6)d,f |
| OHA therapy (%) | 30.2 (n=62) | 7.7 (n=1) | 38.6 (n=17)b | 30.9 (n=17) | 29.8 (n=17) | 27.8 (n=10) |
| Insulin therapy (%) | 49.3 (n=101) | 15.4 (n=2) | 34.1 (n=15) | 54.5 (n=30)b,d | 63.2 (n=36)a,c | 50.0 (n=18)b,d |
| Number of glomeruli | 17.0 ± 11.1 | 11.9 ± 10.9 | 12.7 ± 6.7 | 14.8 ± 8.8 | 23.3 ± 13.2a,c,e | 17.6 ± 10.7b,d,h |
BMI, body mass index; sBP, systolic blood pressure; dBP, diastolic blood pressure; s-Cr, serum creatinine; CCr, creatinine clearance rate; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; U-Pro, urinary protein excretion; s-Alb, serum albumin; Hb, hemoglobin; retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy; RBC in urinary sediment, red blood cells >5/HPF in sediment; ACE-I or ARB, use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II type I receptor blocker, respectively; ESA, erythropoietin-stimulating agents; OHA, oral hypoglycemic agent; insulin therapy, treatment with insulin including basal supported oral therapy.
aP < 0.01: versus class I.
bP < 0.05: versus class I.
cP < 0.01: versus class IIA.
dP < 0.05: versus class IIA.
eP < 0.01: versus class IIB.
fP < 0.05: versus class IIB.
gP < 0.01: versus class III.
hP < 0.05: versus class III.