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. 2014 Jan 10;9(1):e85406. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085406

Table 3. Rumen fermentation of finishing steers fed a total mixed ration supplemented with ensiled mulberry leaves (EML) or sun-dried mulberry fruit pomace (SMFP).

Item	Experimental diet¹			SEM	P-value
	CONT	EML	SMFP
pH value	5.51	5.65	5.71	0.08	0.2024
Ammonia N (mg/dL)	17.82^a	17.93^a	11.95^b	1.44	0.0076
Total VFA (mM)	83.16^a	83.87^a	70.65^b	3.88	0.0427
Individual VFA (mM/100 mM))
Acetate	68.26^b	69.13^b	70.78^a	0.43	0.0015
Propionate	20.07^a	19.40^a,b	18.57^b	0.30	0.0085
Isobutyrate	0.77^a,b	0.80^a	0.63^b	0.05	0.0466
Butyrate	8.14	7.99	7.86	0.25	0.7361
Isovalerate	1.38^a	1.43^a	1.12^b	0.06	0.0053
Valerate	1.38^a	1.25^a	1.04^b	0.05	0.0008
Acetate/Propionate	3.41^b	3.58^b	3.82^a	0.07	0.0022

¹ CONT = control; EML = ensiled mulberry leaves; SMFP = sun-dried mulberry fruit pomace.

^a,b Values in the same row with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05).