Table 3. Intervention effects, mixed-model analysis among white non-Hispanic participants, aged 6–9 years, 2004–2007 (n=677).
Average intervention effect | Annual intervention effects | |||||||||||||||||||
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2005–2007 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||||
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b | 95% CI | p | b | 95% CI | p | b | 95% CI | p | b | 95% CI | p | |||||||||
Sun Protection Outcomes | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Clothinga | 0.14 | 0.03 | 0.26 | 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.29 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.03 | 0.31 | 0.02 | 0.11 | −0.06 | 0.27 | 0.20 | ||||
Hatsa | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.22 | 0.02 | 0.02 | −0.10 | 0.14 | 0.78 | 0.31 | 0.18 | 0.43 | 0.00 | 0.04 | −0.10 | 0.18 | 0.54 | ||||
Shadea | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.20 | 0.002 | −0.01 | −0.11 | 0.10 | 0.91 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.20 | 0.05 | 0.27 | 0.16 | 0.39 | <0.001 | ||||
Sunscreena | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.25 | <0.001 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.23 | 0.02 | 0.21 | 0.10 | 0.32 | <0.00 1 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.27 | 0.02 | ||||
Midday suna | 0.12 | 0.00 | 0.23 | 0.04 | 0.09 | −0.06 | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.08 | −0.08 | 0.23 | 0.33 | 0.18 | 0.01 | 0.35 | 0.04 | ||||
Sun protection compositea | 0.69 | 0.43 | 0.94 | <0.001 | 0.41 | 0.09 | 0.74 | 0.01 | 0.87 | 0.55 | 1.19 | <0.00 1 | 0.77 | 0.43 | 1.12 | <0.001 | ||||
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Sun Exposure Outcomes | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Tanning levela | 0.13 | −0.17 | 0.44 | 0.39 | 0.10 | −0.26 | 0.45 | 0.59 | 0.14 | −0.22 | 0.51 | 0.44 | 0.17 | −0.23 | 0.56 | 0.41 | ||||
Log nevus Count <2 mma | 0.02 | −0.04 | 0.08 | 0.52 | −0.01 | −0.09 | 0.07 | 0.81 | 0.06 | −0.01 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.01 | −0.06 | 0.09 | 0.76 | ||||
Nevi ≥2 mm (0/1)b | −0.25 | −0.53 | 0.04 | 0.09 | −0.14 | −0.48 | 0.19 | 0.40 | −0.40 | −0.77 | −0.03 | 0.03 | −0.19 | −0.58 | 0.20 | 0.33 | ||||
Nonsevere Sunburn (0/1)b | −0.25 | −0.47 | −0.04 | 0.02 | −0.47 | −0.78 | −0.17 | 0.003 | −0.16 | −0.46 | 0.14 | 0.30 | −0.13 | −0.44 | 0.19 | 0.43 | ||||
Severe sunburn (0/1)b | −0.52 | −1.23 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.12 | −1.08 | 1.32 | 0.85 | −0.45 | −1.62 | 0.72 | 0.45 | −1.23 | −2.27 | −0.18 | 0.02 | ||||
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Cognitive Mediators | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Risk factor awarenessa | 0.42 | 0.28 | 0.57 | <0.001 | 0.20 | 0.02 | 0.38 | 0.03 | 0.68 | 0.51 | 0.86 | <0.001 | 0.39 | 0.19 | 0.58 | <0.001 | ||||
Sun protection barriersa | −0.09 | −0.14 | −0.05 | <0.001 | −0.07 | −0.12 | −0.01 | 0.02 | −0.12 | −0.17 | −0.06 | <0.001 | −0.09 | −0.15 | −0.03 | 0.003 | ||||
Melanoma riska | 0.03 | −0.06 | 0.12 | 0.54 | 0.03 | −0.10 | 0.15 | 0.67 | 0.01 | −0.11 | 0.13 | 0.82 | 0.05 | −0.08 | 0.17 | 0.45 | ||||
Melanoma severitya | −0.04 | −0.10 | 0.02 | 0.18 | −0.04 | −0.12 | 0.03 | 0.27 | −0.06 | −0.14 | 0.02 | 0.14 | −0.02 | −0.10 | 0.06 | 0.59 | ||||
Nonmelanoma riska | 0.04 | −0.06 | 0.15 | 0.45 | 0.01 | −0.12 | 0.14 | 0.86 | 0.08 | −0.05 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.03 | −0.11 | 0.17 | 0.69 | ||||
Nonmelanoma severitya | 0.01 | −0.06 | 0.07 | 0.86 | 0.01 | −0.07 | 0.09 | 0.79 | 0.00 | −0.08 | 0.07 | 0.92 | 0.01 | −0.07 | 0.09 | 0.81 | ||||
Sun protection effectivenessc | 0.42 | 0.13 | 0.71 | 0.005 | 0.04 | 0.34 | 0.43 | 0.83 | 0.49 | 0.10 | 0.87 | 0.01 | 0.74 | 0.34 | 1.13 | <0.001 | ||||
Clothing stagec | 0.64 | 0.38 | 0.90 | <0.001 | 0.60 | 0.24 | 0.95 | <0.001 | 0.78 | 0.41 | 1.13 | <0.001 | 0.55 | 0.19 | 0.91 | 0.003 | ||||
Midday sun stagec | 0.69 | 0.40 | 0.97 | <0.001 | 0.62 | 0.24 | 1.01 | 0.002 | 0 58 | 0.20 | 0.97 | 0.003 | 0.85 | 0.46 | 1.24 | <0.001 |
SAS PROC MIXED. Regression coefficients represent the difference between the intervention and control group means on each measure for a given time period relative to baseline in 2004, as tested by the intervention group*year interactions. For the average intervention effect, the three separate group*year interactions were averaged.
SAS PROC GLMMIX. Regression coefficients represent the difference between the intervention and control group in the log odds of event occurrence for a given time period relative to baseline in 2004, as tested by the intervention group*year interactions. For the average effect, the three separate group*year interactions were averaged.
SAS PROC NLMIXED. Regression coefficients reflect the difference between the intervention and control group in the cumulative (ordinal) logit associated with classification in a higher stage or quartile compared to the lowest for a given time period relative to baseline in 2004, as tested by the group*year interactions. For the average effect, the three separate group*year interactions were averaged.