Table 2.
Clinical Outcomes of HIV and TB Treatment
| Outcome | Total (N=466) | Primary school or less (N=72) | Some secondary school (N=206) | Completed secondary school (N=148) | Attended College or University (N=40) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV | ||||||
| At 6 mo. after initiation of ART | ||||||
| Death - no. (%) | 19 (4.1) | 4 (5.6) | 7 (3.4) | 6 (4.1) | 2 (5.0) | 0.76 |
| Lost to follow-up - no. (%)a | 16 (3.4) | 3 (4.2) | 5 (2.4) | 7 (4.7) | 1 (2.5) | 0.64 |
| Virologic suppression - no./total no. (%)b | 349/403 (86.6) | 54/64 (84.4) | 161/182 (88.5) | 108/124 (87.1) | 26/33 (78.8) | 0.42 |
| CD4+ ≥ 200 cells/mm3 - no./total no. (%)c | 220/411 (53.5) | 27/65 (41.5) | 109/186 (58.6) | 67/126 (53.2) | 17/34 (50.0) | 0.12 |
| Median increase in CD4+ count from baseline (IQR) d | 114.5 (53.5–169.0) | 95.0 (35.0–148.0) | 113.0 (64.0–160.0) | 126.0 (46.0–174.0) | 145.0 (35.0–206.0) | 0.35 |
| No. of patients | 404 | 63 | 182 | 125 | 34 | |
| At 12 mo. after initiation of ART | ||||||
| Death - no. (%) | 34 (7.3) | 7 (9.7) | 11 (5.3) | 13 (8.8) | 3 (7.5) | 0.47 |
| Lost to follow-up - no. (%)a | 22 (4.7) | 4 (5.6) | 8 (3.9) | 9 (6.1) | 1 (2.5) | 0.72 |
| Virologic suppression - no./total no. (%)b | 340/387 (87.9) | 48/55 (87.3) | 164/184 (89.1) | 100/115 (87.0) | 28/33 (84.9) | 0.82 |
| CD4+ ≥ 200 cells/mm3 - no./total no. (%)c | 263/383 (68.7) | 32/55 (58.2) | 132/181 (72.9) | 76/114 (66.7) | 23/33 (69.7) | 0.21 |
| Median increase in CD4+ count from baseline (IQR) c | 152.0 (81.0–234.0) | 142.0 (72.0–206.0) | 153.5 (84.0–229.0) | 148.0 (71.0–235.0) | 184.0 (95.0–278.0) | 0.27 |
| No. of patients | 377 | 53 | 178 | 113 | 33 | |
| At 24 mo. after initiation of ART | ||||||
| Death - no. (%) | 43 (9.2) | 9 (12.5) | 12 (5.8) | 18 (12.2) | 4 (10.0) | 0.12 |
| Lost to follow-up - no. (%)a | 41 (8.8) | 6 (8.3) | 18 (8.7) | 15 (10.1) | 2 (5.0) | 0.85 |
| Virologic suppression - no./total no. (%)b | 307/348 (88.2) | 42/51 (82.4) | 144/162 (88.9) | 94/104 (90.4) | 27/31 (87.1) | 0.51 |
| CD4+ ≥ 200 cells/mm3 - no./total no. (%)c | 284/343 (82.8) | 39/51 (76.5) | 132/158 (83.5) | 86/102 (84.3) | 27/32 (84.4) | 0.63 |
| Median increase in CD4+ count from baseline (IQR) d | 230.0 (123.0–334.0) | 205.0 (103.0–322.0) | 218.5 (115.0–317.0) | 241.0 (151.0–362.0) | 266.5 (158.5–386.0) | 0.08 |
| No. of patients | 338 | 49 | 156 | 101 | 32 | |
| TB | ||||||
| No. of individual TB cases e | 144 | 26 | 67 | 42 | 9 | |
| TB cured - no. (%) f | 75 (52.1) | 15 (57.7) | 34 (50.8) | 21 (50.0) | 5 (55.6) | 0.93 |
| TB treatment successfully completed - no. (%)g | 50 (34.7) | 9 (34.6) | 24 (35.8) | 13 (31.0) | 4 (44.4) | 0.87 |
| Treatment successful - no. (%)h | 125 (86.8) | 24 (92.3) | 58 (86.6) | 34 (81.0) | 9 (100.0) | 0.46 |
| Treatment interruption - no. (%) | 6 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (4.5) | 3 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.60 |
| Patient transferred to other clinic, relocated - no. (%) | 10 (7.0) | 1 (3.9) | 5 (7.5) | 4 (9.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.91 |
| Treatment failure - no. (%)i | 3 (2.1) | 1 (3.9) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.81 |
Lost to follow-up is defined as defaulting treatment or not being seen by clinic staff in more than 6 months (excluding deaths, relocations, and transfers)
Virologic suppression defined as HIV RNA <400 copies/ml
CD4+ ≥ 200 cells/mm3 was the definition of immunologic response
P Value for median increase in CD4+ count was adjusted for baseline CD4+ count.
No. of individual TB cases includes patients with more than one episode of TB during follow-up
TB cure was defined as a patient who is smear-negative at, or one month prior to, the completion of treatment and also on at least one previous occasion.
Successful completion of treatment was defined as the use of more than 85% of the prescribed medication.
Treatment success was defined as TB cure and successful completion of treatment
Treatment failure was defined as a positive smear or culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis that was obtained at least 5 months after the initiation of TB therapy