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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 7.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2013 Sep 27;129(1):42–50. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003429

Table 2.

Additional Models for the Association of Albuminuria with Global Longitudinal Strain and E/e′ Ratio

Cardiac parameter Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 Model 5
β-coefficient (95% CI) p-value β-coefficient (95% CI) p-value β-coefficient (95% CI) p-value β-coefficient (95% CI) p-value β-coefficient (95% CI) p-value
GLS (All Subjects) −0.16 (−0.24, −0.08) <0.001 −0.17 (−0.25, −0.09) <0.001 −0.16 (−0.23, −0.08) <0.001 −0.13 (−0.21, −0.05) 0.001 −0.16 (−0.24, −0.08) <0.001
GLS (No LVH) −0.19 (−0.28, −0.11) <0.001 −0.21 (−0.29, −0.12) <0.001 −0.19 (−0.28, −0.11) <0.001 −0.18 (−0.26, −0.09) <0.001 −0.2 (−0.28, −0.11) <0.001
GLS (No DM) −0.17 (−0.26, −0.08) <0.001 −0.18 (−0.27, −0.09) <0.001 −0.17 (−0.26, −0.08) <0.001 −0.13 (−0.22, −0.04) 0.004 −0.17 (−0.26, −0.08) <0.001
GLS (UACR <30mg/g) −0.21 (−0.32, −0.10) <0.001 −0.23 (−0.35, −0.12) <0.001 −0.21 (−0.32, −0.09) <0.001 −0.17 (−0.28, −0.05) 0.004 −0.22 (−0.34, −0.11) <0.001
E/e′ Ratio (All subjects) 0.78 (0.27, 1.29) 0.003 0.81 (0.30, 1.32) 0.002 0.77 (0.26, 1.27) 0.003 0.56 (0.17, 0.95) 0.005 0.61 (0.08, 1.15) 0.025
E/e′ Ratio (No DM) 0.70 (0.17, 1.22) 0.009 0.72 (0.19, 1.25) 0.007 0.69 (0.17, 1.22) 0.009 0.46 (0.06, 0.85) 0.02 0.59 (0.03, 1.14) 0.04

β-coefficient shown represents change in cardiac index per doubling of UACR; UACR = urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; GLS = global longitudinal strain; LVH = left ventricular hypertrophy; DM = diabetes mellitus; CI = confidence interval

Model 1: adjusted for speckle-tracking analyst, study site, image quality, age, sex, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, systolic blood pressure, use of any antihypertensive medication, history of smoking, left ventricular mass index, and ejection fraction

Model 2: Model 1 except adjusted for ethnicity instead of study site

Model 3: Model 1 except adjusted for angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker use instead of any anti-hypertensive

Model 4: Model 1 + additional adjustment e′ velocity as a marker of diastolic dysfunction

Model 5: Model 1 + additional adjustment for pulse pressure/stroke volume as a marker of arterial stiffness