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. 2013 Nov 15;122(1):51–57. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1306788

Table 4.

Multivariable linear regression analyses for the relationship of serum TCDD (log10) with measures of bone mineral density and structure, stratified by menopause status and exposure before or after age at peak bone mass, SWHS, 2008–2009.

Measurement Premenopause pint Perimenopause/menopause pint
Exposure before peak bone mass (n = 219) [Adjb β (95% CI)] Exposure after peak bone mass (n = 54) [Adjb β (95% CI)] Exposure before peak bone mass (n = 18) [Adjb β (95% CI)] Exposure after peak bone mass (n = 48)a [Adjb β (95% CI)]
Bone mineral density indices
Bone mineral density z‑score Spine (L1–L4) 0.03 (–0.21, 0.26) 0.20 (–0.36, 0.75) 0.58 0.15 (–0.87, 1.17) 0.47 (–0.12, 1.05) 0.59
Total hip –0.02 (–0.19, 0.16) 0.03 (–0.39, 0.45) 0.84 –0.16 (–0.85, 0.53) 0.39 (–0.01, 0.78)* 0.17
Femoral neck 0.01 (–0.18, 0.20) 0.11 (–0.34, 0.55) 0.69 –0.24 (–1.00, 0.51) 0.50 (0.07, 0.93)** 0.09
Bone strength indices
Bending stress or cross sectional moment of inertia (cm4) Narrow neck 0.12 (0.02, 0.22)** 0.01 (–0.23, 0.25) 0.40 –0.22 (–0.65, 0.21) 0.18 (–0.05, 0.41) 0.09
Femoral shaft 0.13 (0.01, 0.24)** –0.15 (–0.43, 0.12) 0.07 –0.14 (–0.64, 0.35) 0.33 (0.07, 0.59)** 0.08
Intertrochanter 0.55 (0.08, 1.03)** 0.03 (–1.08, 1.15) 0.40 –0.77 (–2.87, 1.32) 0.58 (–0.53, 1.68) 0.23
Bending strength or section modulus (cm3) Narrow neck 0.06 (0.01, 0.11)** –0.01 (–0.13, 0.11) 0.25 –0.10 (–0.34, 0.15) 0.10 (–0.03, 0.24) 0.14
Femoral shaft 0.06 (0.01, 0.12)** –0.06 (–0.20, 0.07) 0.09 –0.11 (–0.36, 0.14) 0.18 (0.05, 0.31)** 0.03
Intertrochanter 0.11 (–0.03, 0.24) 0.01 (–0.32, 0.34) 0.60 –0.21 (–0.81, 0.40) 0.18 (–0.14, 0.50) 0.24
Bone size
Outer diameter (cm) Narrow neck 0.02 (–0.04, 0.09) 0.07 (–0.08, 0.22) 0.54 –0.16 (–0.39, 0.08) –0.03 (–0.16, 0.09) 0.34
Femoral shaft 0.03 (–0.01, 0.07) –0.06 (–0.15, 0.03) 0.08 0.02 (–0.12, 0.17) 0.06 (–0.02, 0.14) 0.65
Intertrochanter 0.07 (0.01, 0.12)** 0.02 (–0.11, 0.15) 0.51 –0.13 (–0.36, 0.09) –0.02 (–0.14, 0.10) 0.34
Cross sectional area (cm2) Narrow neck 0.05 (–0.03, 0.12) –0.00 (–0.18, 0.18) 0.61 –0.26 (–0.62, 0.09) 0.18 (–0.00, 0.37)* 0.02
Femoral shaft 0.08 (–0.01, 0.18)* –0.01 (–0.24, 0.21) 0.44 –0.24 (–0.66, 0.17) 0.24 (0.02, 0.46)** 0.03
Intertrochanter 0.09 (–0.05, 0.23) –0.02 (–0.35, 0.31) 0.54 –0.28 (–0.88, 0.33) 0.23 (–0.08, 0.55) 0.12
Cortical thickness (cm) Narrow neck 0.00 (–0.00, 0.01) –0.00 (–0.02, 0.01) 0.62 –0.01 (–0.04, 0.02) 0.01 (–0.00, 0.03)* 0.13
Femoral shaft 0.00 (–0.02, 0.02) 0.02 (–0.03, 0.07) 0.58 –0.06 (–0.14, 0.02) 0.02 (–0.02, 0.07) 0.07
Intertrochanter 0.00 (–0.01, 0.02) 0.01 (–0.03, 0.04) 0.84 –0.03 (–0.08, 0.03) 0.01 (–0.02, 0.04) 0.15
Buckling ratio Narrow neck –0.03 (–0.61, 0.56) 0.84 (–0.53, 2.21) 0.26 –0.05 (–3.13, 3.02) –1.10 (–2.72, 0.52) 0.52
Femoral shaft –0.00 (–0.12, 0.12) –0.13 (–0.42, 0.16) 0.42 0.23 (–0.34, 0.81) –0.04 (–0.35, 0.26) 0.37
Intertrochanter 0.07 (–0.23, 0.38) –0.12 (–0.84, 0.60) 0.62 0.35 (–1.02, 1.71) –0.10 (–0.82, 0.62) 0.54
Abbreviations: Adj, adjusted; pint, pinteraction. an = 47 for HSA outcomes. bBMD models adjusted for age at explosion and BMI. HSA models adjusted for age at explosion, height, weight, age began athletic training, and hours per week of exercise. On coefficient *p < 0.1, and **p < 0.05.