Table I.
Classification of Nanoparticles, from Nowack and Bucheli (2007)
| Formation | Examples | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Natural | C-containing | Biogenic | Organic colloids | Humic, fulvic acids |
| Organisms | Viruses | |||
| Geogenic | Soot | Fullerenes | ||
| Atmospheric | Aerosols | Organic acids | ||
| Pyrogenic | Soot | CNT | ||
| Nanoglobules, onion-shaped nanospheres | ||||
| Inorganic | Biogenic | Oxides | Magnetite | |
| Metals | Ag, Au | |||
| Geogenic | Oxides | Fe-oides | ||
| Clays | Allpohane | |||
| Atmospheric | Aerosols | Sea salt | ||
| Anthropogenic (manufactured, engineered) | C-containing | By-product | Combustion by-products | CNT |
| Nanoglobules, onion-shaped nanospheres | ||||
| Engineered | Soot | Carbon Black | ||
| Fullerenes | ||||
| Functionalized CNT, fullerenes | ||||
| Polymeric NP | Polyethyleneglycol (PEG), NP | |||
| Inorganic | By-product | Combustion by-products | Platinum group metals | |
| Engineered | Oxides | TiO2, SiO2 | ||
| Metals | Ag, Iron | |||
| Salts | Metal-phosphates | |||
| Aluminosillicates | Zeolites, days, ceremics |