Table 1.

Results of 100 simulations of the mis-remembering/heaping model.

Parameter	True value	Mean of estimate	SD of estimate	Bias	$\sqrt{\text{MSE}}$	Coverage of 95% CI(%)
Case 1: Estimated mis-remembering
Latent recall
β0	2.36	2.36	0.07	0.002	0.07	95
β1	0.26	0.26	0.02	0.001	0.02	93
σb	0.30	0.30	0.02	0.001	0.02	95
Heaping behavior
γ1	−1.49	−1.53	0.56	−0.04	0.56	94
γ2	−5.28	−5.31	0.66	−0.03	0.66	98
γ3	−10.14	−9.99	2.55	0.15	2.54	80
γ0	0.11	0.11	0.02	0.002	0.02	96
σu	2.67	2.61	0.29	−0.06	0.29	98
Case 2: Minimal mis-remembering
Latent recall
β0	0.0	−0.01	0.09	−0.01	0.09	94
β1	1.0	1.00	0.03	0.005	0.03	94
σb	0.22	0.22	0.02	−0.001	0.02	97
Heaping behavior
γ1	−1.07	−1.08	0.43	−0.007	0.43	98
γ2	−4.37	−4.36	0.60	0.007	0.59	94
γ3	−6.52	−6.43	0.66	0.09	0.67	94
γ0	0.088	0.090	0.02	0.002	0.02	95
σu	2.44	2.41	0.27	−0.02	0.27	95