Table 4.
All combinations of recognised phenotypes with multiresistance (≥3 antibiotics). Illustrating the diversity of multiresistant phenotypes among the tested E. coli from the nine sampled countries across Europe.
| Poland | Sweden | Latvia | Ireland | England | Netherlands | Spain | Portugal | Denmark | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NA-S-TE | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| NA-S-AMP | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| NA-S-C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| NA-TE-AMP | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 22 |
| NA-TE-C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| NA-TE-F | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| NA-TE-SXT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| NA-AMP-CFR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| NA-AMP-SXT | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| TE-AMP-C | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| TE-AMP-CFR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| TE-AMP-MEL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| TE-AMP-SXT | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| TE-C-SXT | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 5 |
| S-AMP-SXT | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| S-TE-AMP | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
| S-TE-C | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| S-TE-SXT | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| NA-S-TE-AMP | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 15 |
| NA-S-TE-F | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| NA-S-TE-SXT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| NA-S-AMP-SXT | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| NA-TE-C-SXT | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| NA-TE-AMP-SXT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
| NA-TE-AMP-C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 12 |
| NA-TE-AMP-CFR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| NA-TE-AMP-MEL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| NA-AMP-C-CFR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| NA-AMP-C-F | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| NA-AMP-C-SXT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| S-TE-AMP-CFR | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| S-TE-AMP-C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| S-TE-AMP-SXT | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 31 |
| S-TE-C-SXT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
| S-AMP-MEL-SXT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| TE-AMP-C-CFR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| TE-AMP-C-SXT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| NA-S-TE-AMP-C | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| NA-S-TE-AMP-CFR | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| NA-S-TE-AMP-F | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| NA-S-TE-AMP-SXT | 1 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 12 | 10 | 0 | 32 |
| NA-S-AMP-F-SXT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| NA-TE-AMP-CFR-SXT | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| NA-TE-AMP-C-CFR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 11 |
| NA-TE-AMP-C-F | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| NA-TE-AMP-C-SXT | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| NA-TE-C-F-SXT | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| S-TE-AMP-C-SXT | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| S-TE-AMP-CFR-SXT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| S-TE-AMP-MEL-SXT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| S-TE-AMP-F-SXT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| TE-AMP-C-CFR-SXT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| NA-S-TE-AMP-C-SXT | 0 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 30 |
| NA-S-TE-AMP-F-SXT | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| NA-S-TE-AMP-CFR-SXR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 5 |
| NA-S-TE-AMP-C-F-SXT | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| NA-S-TE-AMP-C-CFR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| NA-S-AMP-C-CFR-SXT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| NA-S-TE-AMP-C-CFR-SXT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
NA, nalidixic acid; S, streptomycin; TE, tetracycline; AMP, ampicillin; C, chloramphenicol; CFR, cefadroxil; TGC, tigecycline; N, nitrofurantoin; MEL, mecillinam and SXT, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.