Table 1.
Patient demography and performance evaluation of the robotic-assisted CT-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (11 patients, 17 lesions)
| ID | Age | Sex | Diagnosis | RFA treatment | Baseline contrast-enhanced CT | Size of lesions (short axis × long axis) | Depth of lesions from the surface (mm) | Angulations (°) | Number of needle insertion | Number of repositioning/ readjustment | Performance level (5–1: excellent–poor) | CT Fluoroscopic dose (DLP, mGy cm) | Total CT dose (CTDIvol, mGy) | Total CT Dose (DLP, mGy.cm) | Outcomes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short Axis (cm) | Long Axis (cm) | Orbital (+) | Orbital (−) | CC (+) | CC (−) | ||||||||||||||
| 1 | 64 | F | Colorectal metastases in segments VII | RITA 3 cycles at 4 cm deployment | Yes | 1.5 | 2.3 | 122 | 40.5 | 20.0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 331 | 229 | 961 | Successful ablation | ||
| 2 | 42 | M | Recurrent HCC in segments IV & I | Cool-tip Single cycle of 8 min each | Yes | 1.1 | 1.6 | 71 | 46.5 | 7.2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 411 | 285 | 1,034 | Successful ablation | ||
| 1.3 | 1.5 | 18.3 | 12.1 | ||||||||||||||||
| 3 | 80 | M | Colorectal metastases in segment I & II | Cool-tip Single cycle 12 min | Yes | 1.5 | 1.6 | 81 | 6.0 | 0.0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 241 | 167 | 942 | Successful ablation | ||
| 1.2 | 1.0 | 29.0 | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||
| 4 | 73 | F | HCC segment VI | Cool-tip Single cycle 8 min | No | 2.1 | 2.1 | 81 | 15.0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 223 | 156 | 369 | No CE because patient has renal impairment | ||
| 5 | 57 | M | HCC segment VII | Cool-tip Single cycle 8 min | No | 1.6 | 1.9 | 73 | 19.0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 344 | 238 | 941 | Successful ablation | ||
| 6 | 59 | M | Colorectal metastasis segment VI | Cool-tip Single cycle 12 min | Yes | 2.7 | 3 | 137 | 31.0 | 0.0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 244 | 169 | 1,172 | Successful ablation | ||
| 7 | 76 | M | Multicentric HCC | Cool-tip Single cycle 12 min | Yes | 3.0 | 3 | 95 | 24.0 | 0.0 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 736 | 516 | 1,457 | Successful ablation | ||
| 2.4 | 2.4 | 104 | −4.0 | 24.0 | |||||||||||||||
| 2.2 | 2.3 | 110 | −6.0 | 25.0 | |||||||||||||||
| 8 | 56 | M | Colorectal metastases | RITA to 5 cm | Yes | 2.7 | 2.7 | 108 | −47.0 | 24.0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 592 | 262 | 969 | Successful ablation | ||
| 9 | 73 | M | Colorectal metastases | RITA to 5 cm | Yes | 2.1 | 2.1 | 136 | 24.0 | 11.0 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 591 | 471 | 1,647 | Successful ablation | ||
| 1.7 | 2.2 | 62 | 32.0 | 0.0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| 10 | 72 | M | HCC | Cool-tip for 12 min cycle each | No | 2.2 | 2.7 | 95 | −49.0 | 0.0 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 298 | 206 | 716 | Successful ablation | ||
| 1.7 | 2.6 | 133 | −2.0 | 0.0 | |||||||||||||||
| 11 | 43 | M | HCC | Cool-tip to 12 min | No | 2.1 | 2.1 | 75 | 42.0 | 3.0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 200 | 139 | 309 | Successful ablation | ||
| Average | 1.95 | 2.18 | 98.9 | 27.3 | −26.5 | 7.4 | 4.6 | 382.82 | 258.00 | 956.09 | |||||||||
| Standard Deviation | 0.56 | 0.54 | 25.1 | 12.0 | 24.9 | 9.9 | 0.5 | 179.54 | 125.46 | 400.33 | |||||||||
| Minimum | 1.10 | 1.20 | 62.0 | 6.0 | −49.0 | 0.0 | 4 | 200 | 139 | 309 | |||||||||
| Maximum | 3.00 | 3.00 | 137.0 | 46.5 | −4.0 | 25.0 | 5 | 736 | 516 | 1647 | |||||||||
CC cranial-caudal angle, F female, M male