Table 2.

Outcomes associated with vancomycin or cefazolin for surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis in total joint arthroplasty

Study	Study type	Study population	Prophylaxis	Outcomes
Ritter et al., 1989 [10]	Retrospective February to October 1987	TKA, THA	Vancomycin + gentamicin	No early infections reported
Savarese et al., 1999 [11]	Retrospective	TKA	Vancomycin	2% infection rate
Song et al., 2011 [16]	Prospective 2006–2009	TKA	Cefazolin	1.06% infection rate
Smith et al., 2012 [15]	Retrospective, 2006–2010	TKA, THA	Switch from cefazolin to vancomycin in 2008	↓ PJI from 1.0% to 0.5% (p = 0.03) ↓ MRSA PJI from 0.23% to 0.07% (p = 0.14)
Sewick et al., 2012 [13]	Retrospective, 2008–2010	TKA, THA	Cefazolin or cefazolin + vancomycin	No difference in overall infection rates (1.4% versus 1.1%, p = 0.64) or by THA and TKA subgroups Higher rate of MRSA in cefazolin (0.008%) versus cefazolin + vancomycin (0.002%; p = 0.02)

PJI = periprosthetic joint infection; MRSA = methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.