Fig 5.

Lung IgG (A) and IgA (B) responses after lethal challenge. Lung IgG and IgA responses were determined from the lung extracts collected at day 4 postchallenge. Significantly higher IgG and IgA antibody responses were found in the VT group than in the V (*, P < 0.01) or mock challenge control (*, P < 0.01) group. V, microneedle vaccine without trehalose; VT, microneedle vaccine with trehalose; Mock, microneedles with coating buffer only. Data show averages ± standard errors of the means from 6 mice.