Table 1.
Subject characteristics (mean ± SD) at age 70, self-reported alcohol intake, and performance on the TMT-A and TMT-B and associations with alcohol intake
| Self-reported alcohol intake | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| g/day | drinks/daya | ||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | >3 | ||
| N | 652 | 88 | 399 | 99 | 27 |
| MMSE score | 28.6 ± 1.2 | 27.0 ± 2.1 | 27.7 ± 2.3 | 28.1 ± 2.2 | 29.2 ± 0.8 |
| Alcohol (g/day) | 6.9 ± 7.1 | 0 | 5.4 ± 3.1 | 16.7 ± 3.2 | 28.9 ± 5.3 |
| Total dietary energy intake (kcal/day) | 1,786 ± 474 | 1,729 ± 468 | 1,795 ± 472 | 1,769 ± 456 | 1,749 ± 412 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.2 ± 3.1 | 26.9 ± 3.7 | 26.1 ± 2.9 | 26.4 ± 3.2 | 26.4 ± 3.4 |
| Education (primary/secondary/university; %) | 50/32/18 | 63/27/10 | 52/33/15 | 34/39/26 | 9/35/57 |
| Smoking (yes; n) | 105 (16 %) | 15 | 17 | 14 | 13 |
| Physical activity level (1/2/3/4: 1 = low, 4 = high; %) | 2/31/60/7 | 1/36/51/8 | 3/39/60/6 | 0/35/55/9 | 0/26/52/17 |
| Hypertension prevalence (yes; %) | 30 | 28 | 29 | 32 | 52 |
| Diabetes prevalence (yes; %) | 12 | 11 | 11 | 16 | 17 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.30 ± 0.35 | 1.22 ± 0.34 | 1.27 ± 0.32 | 1.43 ± 0.41 | 1.53 ± 0.43 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.88 ± 0.90 | 3.90 ± 1.07 | 3.84 ± 0.85 | 3.99 ± 0.88 | 4.11 ± 0.87 |
| APO-E allele ε4 present (yes; %) | 30.5 | 26.4 | 31.5 | 33.4 | 43.5 |
Abbreviations: MMSE mini-mental state examination, BMI body mass index, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, APO-E apolipoprotein E
aOne standard drink equals 12 g of pure alcohol (Carlsson et al. 2003), and alcohol intake between 0 and 1.0 g is excluded from this categorization (Stampfer et al. 2005)