Table 2.

Hazard ratios (with 95 % CI and p value) of behavioral variables for honeybee workers in queenright (Q+), queenless with initial brood (Q−B), and queenless without initial brood (Q−) observation hives

	Replicate 1 (2009)			Replicate 2 (2011A)			Replicate 3 (2011B)
	Q−	Q−B	Q+	Q−	Q−B	Q+	Q−	Q−B	Q+
Oviposition	2 × 10−5 [9 × 10−11–2.9]	10−5 [10−16–106]	N/Oa	4,932 [0.0073–3 × 109]	9 × 10−40 [3 × 10−79−2.6]	N/Oa	2 × 10−17 [10−39–4 × 105]	4 × 10−4 [4 × 10−17–4 × 109]	N/Oa
	p = 0.738	p = 0.373		p = 0.215	p = 0.052		p = 0.143	p = 0.610
Queen tending	N/Oa	N/Oa	0.082 [0.0074–0.907]	N/Oa	N/Oa	0.24 [0.025–2.4]	N/Oa	N/Oa	2.3 [0.20–25.9]
			p = 0.041			p = 0.224			p = 0.502
Brood tending	4.7 [0.96–22.6]	6 × 10−5 [3 × 10−6–10−3]	1.6 [0.22–12.1]	7 × 10−6 [4 × 10−7–10−4]	7.1 [3.0–16.6]	3.8 [1.8–7.9]	3 × 10−16 [6 × 10−27–10−5]	3.5 [2.0–6.0]	8.4 [4.7–14.9]
	p = 0.057	p < 0.001	p = 0.642	p < 0.001	p < 0.001	p < 0.001	p = 0.004	p < 0.001	p < 0.001
Foraging	16.7 [0.29–951]	1.0 [0.20–5.0]	4.6 [1.4–15.0]	0.0076 [7 × 10−7–80.0]	2 × 10−4 [10−6–0.033]	3 × 10−4 [5 × 10−6–0.018]	0.014 [5 × 10−4–0.37]	10−5 [2 × 10−7–6 × 10−4]	4 × 10−4 [10−5–0.011]
	p = 0.173	p = 0.996	p = 0.011	p = 0.302	p = 0.001	p < 0.001	p = 0.011	p < 0.001	p < 0.001
Pollen foraging	3.5 [0.92–13.2]	0.72 [0.085–6.2]	0.58 [5 × 10−4–673]	0.019 [3 × 10−6–123]	2.5 [0.009–668]	4 × 10−4 [4 × 10−6–0.48]	0.11 [10−4–128.1]	2 × 10−6 [10−11–0.22]	9 × 10−4 [9 × 10−6–0.083]
	p = 0.065	p = 0.768	p = 0.882	p = 0.377	p = 0.754	p = 0.001	p = 0.545	p = 0.027	p = 0.002
Grooming	N/Aa	N/Aa	N/Aa	0.29 [0.0062–13.3]	0.17 [0.012–2.4]	0.013 [5 × 10−5–3.3]	0.93 [0.062–13.9]	0.011 [6 × 10−5–1.9]	0.014 [4 × 10−5–5.5]
				p = 0.524	p = 0.195	p = 0.123	p = 0.957	p = 0.084	p = 0.163
Fanning	N/Aa	N/Aa	N/Aa	0.14 [4 × 10−4–52.0]	5.0 [0.51–48.7]	0.024 [0.0018–0.31]	3.0 [0.51–17.5]	0.097 [0.010–0.92]	0.75 [0.11–5.3]
				p = 0.517	p = 0.168	p = 0.004	p = 0.227	p = 0.042	p = 0.774
Trophallaxi ng	N/Aa	N/A	N/A	3.0 [0.14–63.6]	0.31 [0.018–5.4]	0.26 [0.014–4.9]	1.9 [0.24–14.8]	1.5 [0.31–7.3]	1.0 [0.12–7.9]
				p = 0.484	p = 0.424	p = 0.373	p = 0.554	p = 0.613	p = 0.993
Inactivity	N/Aa	N/Aa	N/Aa	0.28 [0.012–6.5]	1.4 [0.012–165]	16.2 [0.28–937]	3 × 10−7 [10−12–0.081]	17.9 [4 × 10−17–4 × 109]	58.6 [0.0031–106]
				p = 0.427	p = 0.883	p = 0.178	p = 0.019	p = 0.610	p = 0.418
AFF	0.93 [0.89–0.97]	0.90 [0.87–0.93]	0.92 [0.90–0.96]	0.93 [0.88–0.97]	0.94 [0.91–0.97]	0.89 [0.86–0.93]	0.94 [0.91–0.98]	0.86 [0.79–0.94]	0.90 [0.86 - 0.95]
	p < 0.001	p < 0.001	p < 0.001	p < 0.001	p < 0.001	p < 0.001	p = 0.003	p = 0.001	p < 0.001

N/A was not measured

^aN/O denotes a behavioral status that was not observed