Table 3.

Peak circumferential velocities and time-to-peak values in the younger and older age groups

LV level and myocardial layer		23 ± 3 years	66 ± 7 years	p value	23 ± 3 years	66 ± 7 years	p value
		Peak clockwise velocity (cm/s)			Time-to-peak values (% of ES)
LV base	Epicardial	3.8 ± 0.3	2.6 ± 0.3	<0.01	50.7 ± 2.2	47.5 ± 1.1	0.33
	Transmural	3.7 ± 0.3	2.5 ± 0.3	<0.01	50.1 ± 2.1	47.5 ± 1.1	0.41
	Endocardial	3.7 ± 0.3	2.5 ± 0.3	<0.01	50.0 ± 2.3	46.3 ± 1.1	0.27
Mid-ventricle	Epicardial	2.9 ± 0.3	2.0 ± 0.2	0.04	Data were inconsistent due to 3 separate peaks located at about 50–100–150 % of end systole (Fig. 3, arrows b)
	Transmural	2.6 ± 0.3	2.0 ± 0.3	0.09
	Endocardial	2.5 ± 0.3	2.2 ± 0.3	0.20
LV apex	Epicardial	3.2 ± 0.3	2.3 ± 0.3	0.02	111.1 ± 3.4	109.9 ± 4.6	0.84
	Transmural	3.2 ± 0.2	2.2 ± 0.2	<0.01	110.7 ± 2.4	109.9 ± 4.7	0.86
	Endocardial	3.2 ± 0.2	2.2 ± 0.2	<0.01	110.4 ± 2.4	111.4 ± 5.1	0.84
		Peak counter-clockwise velocity (cm/s)			Time-to-peak values (% of ES)
LV base	Epicardial	−4.8 ± 0.5	−3.3 ± 0.4	0.03	20.6 ± 0.5	117.6 ± 1.5	<0.01
	Transmural	−4.6 ± 0.4	−3.3 ± 0.4	0.04	20.6 ± 0.5	118.1 ± 1.5	<0.01
	Endocardial	−4.4 ± 0.4	−3.4 ± 0.3	0.08	20.6 ± 0.5	118.6 ± 1.7	<0.01
Mid-ventricle	Epicardial	−5.0 ± 0.5	−3.5 ± 0.4	0.04	20.8 ± 0.7	25.3 ± 1.9	0.05
	Transmural	−4.8 ± 0.4	−3.5 ± 0.3	0.04	20.8 ± 0.7	25.3 ± 1.9	0.05
	Endocardial	−4.6 ± 0.4	−3.5 ± 0.3	0.05	20.3 ± 0.6	25.3 ± 1.9	0.03
LV apex	Epicardial	−5.1 ± 0.4	−3.8 ± 0.4	0.03	22.3 ± 0.8	26.2 ± 1.1	0.02
	Transmural	−4.8 ± 0.4	−3.7 ± 0.4	0.05	23.6 ± 0.8	26.2 ± 1.1	0.05
	Endocardial	−4.4 ± 0.4	−3.7 ± 0.4	0.11	23.7 ± 1.1	26.7 ± 1.4	0.14

All values are presented as mean ± SEM