Table 1.

Patient Characteristics by Study Arm

Characteristic	All (N = 486)	Carve-In (n = 214)	Carve-Out (n = 272)	P value
Age, mean (SD)	54.8 (11.0)	54.5 (11.4)	55.0 (10.8)	0.62
Female, %	60.9	59.4	62.1	0.53
African American, %	21.0	12.6	27.6	< 0.001
Limited Literacy, %	31.9	28.5	34.6	0.16
Education, %				0.83
Less than HS	24.9	25.7	24.3
HS Grad/GED	33.9	35.5	32.7
Some College	27.8	26.2	29.0
College grad	13.4	12.6	14.0
Income, %				0.20
< $10,000	27.9	31.4	25.1
$10,000–$14,999	27.5	24.6	29.7
$15,000–$24,999	16.6	14.0	18.6
> $25,000	28.1	30.0	26.6
Work status, %				0.68
Full-time	28.1	26.3	29.5
Part-time	12.2	13.1	11.4
Not working	59.7	60.6	59.1
Years with Diabetes, %				0.04
Less than 1	4.5	5.1	4.1
1–4	29.7	24.8	33.6
5–9	27.8	25.7	29.5
10 or more	37.9	44.4	32.8
Living situation				0.21
Own home	52.1	56.5	48.5
Rent	36.4	32.7	39.3
Live with relative/friend	11.5	10.8	12.1
Number of chronic conditions, mean (SD)	3.3 (1.5)	3.3 (1.5)	3.3 (1.4)	0.70
Lubben Social Network Scale, % isolated	22.9	22.9	22.9	0.99