Table 2.
Baseline Diabetes-Related Outcomes, by Study Arm
| Outcome | All (N = 486) | Carve-in (n = 214) | Carve-Out (n = 272) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes knowledge (0–8 score), mean (SD) | 5.2 (1.9) | 5.0 (1.9) | 5.4 (1.9) | 0.02 |
| Self-efficacy (0–100 score), mean (SD) | 82.7 (15.9) | 82.2 (16.8) | 83.2 (15.2) | 0.49 |
| Health behaviors | ||||
| Recommended physical activity, % | 35.6 | 37.4 | 34.3 | 0.48 |
| Recommended fruit intake, % | 14.1 | 14.6 | 13.7 | 0.78 |
| Recommended vegetable intake, % | 17.3 | 17.8 | 17.0 | 0.82 |
| High medication adherence, % | 35.6 | 35.4 | 35.7 | 0.94 |
| HbA1C, mean (SD) | 8.0 (1.8) | 8.3 (1.7) | 7.7 (1.8) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD) | 134.8 (16.1) | 136.7 (16.6) | 133.1 (15.4) | 0.02 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD) | 79.1 (9.0) | 79.5 (8.1) | 78.8 (9.8) | 0.40 |
| LDL cholesterol, mean (SD) | 96.9 (38.3) | 95.2 (35.1) | 98.2 (40.5) | 0.49 |