Table 3.

Results of multiple regression models of children’s and adolescents’ height, weight, BMI, and waist (all dependent variables expressed as z-scores)

		Height		Weight		BMI		Waist
		Estimate	p	Estimate	p	Estimate	p	Estimate	p
Boys
	Intercept	−0.078	0.303	0.072	0.339	0.155	0.043	0.132	0.084
Maternal education	Primary—ref.	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
	Vocational	0.067	0.241	0.055	0.334	0.024	0.678	0.034	0.550
	Secondary	0.230	<0.001	0.151	0.010	0.051	0.385	0.091	0.123
	University	0.224	0.001	0.086	0.209	−0.026	0.710	−0.004	0.954
Paternal education	Primary—ref.	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
	Vocational	−0.042	0.440	−0.009	0.863	0.004	0.944	−0.017	0.752
	Secondary	−0.003	0.962	−0.018	0.758	−0.025	0.673	−0.060	0.312
	University	0.051	0.481	−0.043	0.554	−0.082	0.259	−0.092	0.208
Income per capita	≤500 PLN—ref.	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
	501–1,000 PLN	0.070	0.038	0.084	0.013	0.062	0.070	0.081	0.017
	1,001–1,500 PLN	0.063	0.206	0.148	0.003	0.143	0.004	0.163	0.001
	>1,500 PLN	0.066	0.240	0.108	0.054	0.084	0.139	0.085	0.134
Number of children	1—ref.	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
	2	−0.077	0.085	−0.166	<0.001	−0.168	<0.001	−0.158	<0.001
	3	−0.104	0.036	−0.231	<0.001	−0.240	<0.001	−0.243	<0.001
	4 or more	−0.296	<0.001	−0.455	<0.001	−0.411	<0.001	−0.400	<0.001
Girls
	Intercept	−0.191	0.008	0.140	0.057	0.282	0.000	0.327	<0.001
Maternal education	Primary—ref.	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
	Vocational	0.057	0.292	−0.052	0.344	−0.101	0.069	−0.092	0.098
	Secondary	0.164	0.004	−0.004	0.944	−0.105	0.067	−0.123	0.033
	University	0.247	<0.001	0.027	0.690	−0.120	0.078	−0.115	0.091
Paternal education	Primary—ref.	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
	Vocational	0.062	0.231	−0.050	0.345	−0.089	0.095	−0.093	0.081
	Secondary	0.114	0.049	−0.082	0.165	−0.154	0.009	−0.144	0.014
	University	0.208	0.004	−0.034	0.637	−0.134	0.066	−0.143	0.050
Income per capita	≤500 PLN—ref.	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
	501–1,000 PLN	0.059	0.075	0.104	0.002	0.085	0.012	0.092	0.007
	1,001-1,500 PLN	0.079	0.100	0.003	0.956	−0.038	0.436	−0.035	0.471
	>1,500 PLN	−0.032	0.556	−0.011	0.841	0.009	0.875	−0.064	0.251
Number of children	1—ref.	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
	2	−0.071	0.102	−0.072	0.105	−0.055	0.214	−0.092	0.038
	3	−0.143	0.003	−0.211	<0.001	−0.190	<0.001	−0.191	<0.001
	4 or more	−0.187	<0.001	−0.228	<0.001	−0.175	0.001	−0.217	<0.001

ref. reference value