Table 2. The association of individual and school factors with female BMI in the Healthy Passages cohort.
| Model 1 (ß coefficient) | Model 2 (ß coefficient) | Model 3 (ß coefficient) | |
| Fixed Effects | |||
| Intercept | 20.62(19.96,21.29) | 6.01 (−0.86, 12.88) | 10.79(4.59, 17.06) |
| Individual level variables | |||
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic | 0.41 (−0.34, 1.16) | −0.04 (−0.76, 0.68) | |
| Black | 1.40(0.75, 2.06) | 0.77(0.03, 1.51) | |
| Other | −0.26(−1.16, 0.646) | −0.38 (−1.30, 0.54) | |
| White [Ref] | 0 | 0 | |
| Age | 1.06(0.45, 1.67) | 0.76 (0.22, 1.31) | |
| Household income | |||
| <$25,000 | 1.05(0.22, 1.89) | 0.68 (−0.17, 1.52) | |
| $25,000–$49,999 | 1.28 (0.49, 2.07) | 0.72 (−0.06, 1.49) | |
| $50,000–$99,999 | 0.95(0.30, 1.59) | 0.73 (0.08, 1.39) | |
| ≥$100,000 [Ref] | 0 | 0 | |
| Highest education level in household a | −0.07 (−0.34, 0.20) | −0.04 (−0.30, 0.23) | |
| Parent is overweight or obese | 2.37(1.94, 2.81) | 2.43 (1.98, 2.87) | |
| Parent missing weight status flag | 1.24(0.28, 2.20) | 1.22(0.20, 2.25) | |
| School-level variables | |||
| Proportion of student body that is White | −0.60(−2.01, 0.81) | ||
| School income (tens of thousands of dollars) | −0.12(−0.21, −0.02) | ||
| School Nutrition/Physical Activity Index b | −0.10(−0.38, 0.18) | ||
| Site | |||
| Houston | 0.77(−0.10, 1.63) | 0.18(−0.34, 0.71) | 0.35(−0.31, 1.00) |
| Birmingham | 0.54(−0.38, 1.47) | 0.23(−0.31, 0.77) | 0.57(−0.01, 1.12) |
| Los Angeles [Ref] | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Random Effects | |||
| sigma_u | 1.34(1.01, 1.65) | 0 | 0.27(0.01, 7.40) |
| sigma_e e | 4.93(4.66, 5.21) | 4.82(4.56, 5.08) | 4.67(4.42, 4.93) |
` Ref = Reference group; sigma_u is the standard deviation of the school-level random effect; sigma_e is the standard deviation of the individual-level random effect.
a
High school levels categorized into some high school, high school graduate or received GED, some college, and college graduate or beyond.
b
School nutrition/physical activity index is a count of the positive nutrition and physical activity resources/programs reported in the school.