Table 4. Primary and secondary outcomes and other relevant parameters before and after the 12 week exercise program, by group.
| WALK | AIT | MVIT | ||||
| Baseline | Exit | Baseline | Exit | Baseline | Exit | |
| Primary outcome | ||||||
| VO2max (ml/min/kg)a | 27.1(5.6) | 25.8(3.7) | 24.7(6.1) | 26.5(5.8) | 25.1(2.7) | 25.7(3.6) |
| VO2max (ml/min/kg)b | 26.5(5.3) | 25.2(3.6) | 24.2(4.8) | 25.6(4.8) | 25.0(2.8) | 25.2(3.4) |
| Secondary outcomes | ||||||
| Peak heart rate – treadmill (bpm) | 179.0(8.9) | 176.9(8.7) | 174.0(9.9) | 172.8(10.5) | 171.5(9.0) | 168.0(6.2) |
| BMI kg/m2 | 32.7(3.4) | 32.6(3.4) | 32.1(3.1) | 32.1(3.0) | 32.4(2.9) | 32.3(2.9) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 105.9(11.2) | 102.3(10.7) | 100.4(11.7) | 98.6(12.5) | 103.5(10.4) | 100.0(9.9) |
| % body fat | 39.5(5.2) | 39.0(5.3) | 39.5(5.4) | 39.0(5.6) | 40.2(4.7) | 39.1(5.2) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 133.0(20.1) | 127.8(21.3) | 118.7(13.7) | 115.8(11.8) | 129.4(13.8) | 122.9(10.4) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 84.7(8.6) | 82.8(13.6) | 77.4(8.0) | 74.0(6.8) | 80.6(10.9) | 75.2(7.3) |
| %S HOMA | 65.5(30.1) | 71.8(37.0) | 89.5(59.0) | 88.2(47.4) | 74.0(44.1) | 75.2(44.0) |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 207(33) | 191(37) | 210(42) | 209(31) | 231(57) | 224(49) |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 69(32) | 63(21) | 67(56) | 66(37) | 69(28) | 77(38) |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 48(9) | 46(9) | 51(11) | 50(12) | 51(14) | 49(15) |
| Additional measures | ||||||
| Energy intake (kJ) | 10222(2503) | 8380(2409) | 8463(2616) | 8345(2508) | 8706(1693) | 8717(3498) |
| SF 36 – mental healthc | 75.6(14.8) | 76.5(11.3) | 71.9(14.7) | 72.4(15.6) | 73.8(11.0) | 77.3(14.7) |
| SF 36 – physical healthc | 76.6(10.3) | 72.0(18.6) | 74.9(13.3) | 75.1(11.9) | 74.8(10.3) | 73.3(14.2) |
| SF 36 – body painc | 75.6(16.1) | 70.1(25.0) | 85.0(14.0) | 75.5(15.1) | 80.1(16.3) | 61.4(20.8) |
Values are means (SD).
a Per-protocol population WALK n = 14, AIT n = 9, MVIT n = 9.
b Intention to treat population WALK n = 17, AIT n = 16, MVIT n = 16.
c An increase in SF36 score indicates improved quality of life.