Table 3.
Differences in the Proportion of Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Treatment With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease in 2006 and 2011 by Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristicsa
| Characteristic | 2006 |
2011 |
P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % Advanced HIV Disease | N | % Advanced HIV Disease | ||
| Total | 15 669 | 42.4 | 20 366 | 29.1 | <.0001 |
| Sex | |||||
| Men | 5854 | 47.9 | 6924 | 35.7 | <.0001 |
| Women (not pregnant) | 9522 | 39.5 | 12 195 | 26.6 | <.0001 |
| Women (pregnant) | 293 | 24.2 | 1247 | 16.2 | .07 |
| Age, y | |||||
| 15–25 | 1589 | 40.7 | 3262 | 24.7 | <.0001 |
| 26–35 | 5840 | 43.9 | 7769 | 29.5 | <.0001 |
| 36–45 | 5151 | 43.7 | 5567 | 30.6 | <.0001 |
| 46–55 | 2316 | 39.4 | 2697 | 30.0 | <.0001 |
| ≥56 | 773 | 34.4 | 1071 | 28.7 | .01 |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 3634 | 39.6 | 5251 | 27.4 | <.0001 |
| Living with partner | 2409 | 44.3 | 4854 | 26.8 | <.0001 |
| Not in union | 3151 | 46.5 | 4650 | 31.0 | <.0001 |
| Divorced | 604 | 48.3 | 1324 | 33.1 | <.0001 |
| Widowed | 1949 | 36.2 | 1857 | 27.4 | .0002 |
| Missing | 3922 | 42.6 | 2430 | 32.4 | .013 |
| Enrollment point of entry | |||||
| VCT | 7055 | 40.5 | 7563 | 29.3 | <.0001 |
| PMTCT | 708 | 21.6 | 1757 | 15.9 | .06 |
| Tuberculosis/HIV | 594 | 34.3 | 558 | 33.5 | .82 |
| PITC | 2231 | 47.7 | 2564 | 37.7 | .008 |
| Other | 3958 | 46.2 | 6669 | 28.2 | <.0001 |
| Unknown | 1123 | 47.6 | 1255 | 31.0 | <.0001 |
| Country | |||||
| Kenya | 4279 | 37.2 | 5102 | 24.6 | <.0001 |
| Mozambique | 7128 | 46.6 | 10 844 | 29.4 | <.0001 |
| Rwanda | 2420 | 29.4 | 1387 | 14.2 | <.0001 |
| Tanzania | 1842 | 55.2 | 3033 | 41.9 | .007 |
| CD4+ count at enrollment into care, cells/µL | |||||
| CD4+ <100 | 4098 | 100.0 | 3262 | 100.0 | … |
| 100 ≤ CD4 + <200 | 3486 | 10.1 | 2856 | 10.8 | .67 |
| 200 ≤ CD4 + <350 | 2307 | 10.7 | 4095 | 7.7 | .01 |
| CD4 + ≥350 | 693 | 23.8 | 3538 | 13.6 | <.0001 |
| Missing | 5085 | 35.0 | 6615 | 23.5 | <.0001 |
| Clinical WHO disease stage at enrollment into care | |||||
| Stage I | 1336 | 22.2 | 5218 | 14.7 | <.0001 |
| Stage II | 2775 | 28.8 | 4950 | 23.9 | .017 |
| Stage III | 7208 | 34.5 | 5690 | 28.5 | .01 |
| Stage IV | 1927 | 100.0 | 1482 | 100.0 | … |
| Missing | 2423 | 46.7 | 3026 | 28.6 | <.0001 |
| Advanced HIV disease at enrollment | |||||
| Yes | 5537 | 100.0 | 4383 | 100.0 | … |
| No | 9673 | 9.1 | 15 338 | 8.9 | .84 |
| Unknown | 459 | 47.7 | 645 | 25.9 | <.0001 |
| Documented tuberculosis treatment at enrollment/ART initiation | |||||
| Yes | 307 | 38.8 | 512 | 41.4 | .56 |
| No/unknown | 15 362 | 42.4 | 19 854 | 28.7 | <.0001 |
Number of sites = 132.
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral treatment; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; PITC, provided initiated testing and counseling; PMTCT, prevention of mother-to-child transmission; VCT, voluntary counseling and testing; WHO, World Health Organization.
a Adjusted by age and side-clustered effect.