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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Vision Res. 2013 Nov 9;94:16–23. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2013.10.018

Figure 5. Proposed mechanism of Vesl-1/Homer 1-mediated changes in the neural retina.

Figure 5

In the young, non-glaucomatous retina, Vesl-1S/Homer 1a prevents synaptic coupling of intracellular calcium channels (ICC) in the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum with G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) at the plasma membrane, resulting in tightly controlled intracellular Ca2+ release mediated by 2nd messenger pathways (green arrow). Up-regulation of Vesl-1L/Homer 1c in the aged, glaucomatous retina increases synaptic coupling, leading to increased intracellular Ca2+ release due to increased strength of second messenger pathways (red arrow) and the direct modulation of ICCs by Vesl-1L/Homer 1c.