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Summary Table of Cross-sectional DIF Findings for the “Completers” Dataset at 3 Time Points
| Items | Sex | Birth cohort |
Education | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not identified with DIF at any time point | 9 | 11 | 8 | 28 |
| Identified with DIF at all 3 time points | 6 | 2 | 5 | 13 |
| Identified with DIF at any 1 or 2 time points | 4 | 6 | 6 | 16 |
| Total | 19 | 19 | 19 | 57 |
