Fig. 3.

Maximum-likelihood optimizations of pollination syndromes (A) and substrate types (B) for Lapeirousia. The shifts in pollination syndromes and substrate types are displayed on the branches (or between branches if the exact position is uncertain between two sister lineages) by asterisks (*): black asterisks denote shifts between two nodes assigned a particular majority state (>0·5); green asterisks indicate assumed shifts on terminal branches due to the presence of polymorphic states; the red asterisk indicates the shift in pollination syndrome discussed in the text. The two alternative positions of a particular substrate type shift are indicated by an arrow. Species with two pollination systems are identified in A by an ‘S’ (settling months) and a ‘B’ (Bombyliidae). The two long-proboscid pollination systems are also specified: Tabanidae (T) and Nemestrinidae (N). The scale bars under the trees represent relative time (see text for details).