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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Evol Dev. 2013 Nov-Dec;15(6):426–441. doi: 10.1111/ede.12052

Table 1. Shape comparisons.

Comparison MANOVA F ratio (df) MANOVA p-value Goodall's F-test F ratio Goodall's F-test p-value
Lateral 1 cm ABWT vs. 1 cm dob 1.22 (1, 35) 0.2739 1.22 0.2655

Lateral adult ABWT vs. adult dob 2.33 (1, 25) 0.0225* 2.34 0.0416*

Lateral 1 cm ABWT vs. adult ABWT 15.19 (1, 34) 0.0005* 15.21 0.0002*

Lateral 1 cm dob vs. adult dob 13.86 (1, 26) 0.0028* 13.87 0.0002*

Dorsal 1 cm ABWT vs. 1 cm dob 1.10 (1, 42) 0.3348 1.11 0.3200

Dorsal adult ABWT vs. adult dob 3.19 (1, 25) 0.0185* 3.20 0.0288*

Dorsal 1 cm ABWT vs. adult ABWT 20.66 (1, 38) 0.0076* 20.67 0.0002*

Dorsal 1 cm dob vs. adult dob 18.40 (1, 29) 0.0061* 18.41 0.0002*

Adult maxilla shape, ABWT vs. dob 3.95 (1, 25) 0.0045* 4.07 0.0041*

Adult premaxilla shape, ABWT vs. dob 3.21 (1, 25) 0.0255* 3.25 0.214*
MANCOVA results Genotype: F ratio, p-value Age: F ratio, p-value Genotype × Age: F ratio, p-value Residuals df
Lateral data (both ages, ABWT & dob) 2.66, 0.015* 26.32, 0.001* 2.80, 0.017* 60

Dorsal data (both ages, ABWT & dob) 1.79, 0.132 36.34, 0.001* 2.31, 0.040* 67
*

comparisons that were statistically significant at α=0.05