Table 1.
MHO definition; cohort studies
| Study | Definition of metabolically healthy obese (MHO) | Definition of metabolically healthy, normal weight (MHNW) |
|---|---|---|
| Katzmarzyk [19] |
• <3 MetS |
• ≤ 2 MetS criteria, normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) |
| • BMI ≥30 kg/m2 | ||
| • Diabetics included | ||
| St-Pierre [17] |
• ≤2 insulin resistance syndromeA (IRS) criteria |
• ≤2 IRSA criteria, normal weight (BMI <25 kg/m2) |
| • BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 | ||
| • Diabetics excluded | ||
| Meigs [14] |
• < 3 MetS criteria and/or IS by HOMA-IR < 75th percentile |
• <3 MetS criteria, normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and/or IS, normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) |
| • BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 | ||
| • Diabetics excluded | ||
| Daly [20] |
• <3 MetSB |
• <3 MetSB , normal weight (BMI <25 kg/m2) |
| • BMI > 30 kg/m2 | ||
| • Diabetics included | ||
| Song [21] |
• < 3 MetS
C
criteria |
• <3 MetS
C
, normal weight (BMI <25 kg/m2) |
| • BMI ≥30 kg/m2 | ||
| • Diabetics included | ||
| Kuk [13] |
• ≤1 MetS criteria and/or IS by HOMA < 2.5 |
• ≤1 MetS criteria, normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and/or IS, normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) |
| • BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 | ||
| • Diabetics included | ||
| Arnlov [9] |
• <3 MetSD criteria and/or IS by HOMA-IR <75th percentile |
• <3 MetSD criteria, normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and/or IS, normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) |
| • BMI > 30 kg/m2 | ||
| • Diabetics excluded | ||
| Calori [10] |
•IS by HOMA-IR < 2.5 |
• IS, not obese (BMI < 30 kg/m2) |
| • BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 | ||
| • Diabetics included | ||
| Voulgari [18] |
• < 3 MetS criteria |
• <3 MetS criteria, normal weight (BMI <24.9 kg/m2) |
| • BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 | ||
| • Diabetics excluded | ||
| Hosseinpanah [12] |
• <3 MetSE criteria |
• <3 MetSE criteria, normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) |
| • BMI ≥30 kg/m2 | ||
| • Diabetics included | ||
| Bobbioni-Harsch [23] |
• 0 MetS criteria |
• 0 MetS criteria, normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) |
| • BMI ≥25 kg/m2 | ||
| Ogorodnikova [15] |
• ≤ 2 MetSC criteria; ≤1 of any MetSC criteria, IR by HOMA-IR > 75th percentile of all participants, or systemic inflammation by WBC >75th percentile for all participants; or IS by HOMA-IR ≤25th percentile among non-diabetic obese, sex-specific |
• ≤ 2 MetSC criteria, normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) or ≤ 1 MetSC criteria, IR by HOMA-IR > 75th percentile of all participants, or systemic inflammation by WBC >75th percentile for all participants, normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) or IS, normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) |
| • BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 | ||
| • Diabetics included | ||
| Hamer [11] |
• <2 MetSF criteria (including CRP ≥3.0 mg/L) |
• <2 MetSF criteria, not obese (BMI 18–29.9 kg/m2) or <2 MetSF criteria, normal waist (≤102 cm in men, ≤88 cm in women) |
| • BMI ≥30 kg/m2 or waist circumference >102 cm men, >88 cm women | ||
| • Diabetics included | ||
| Bo [22] |
• < IS by HOMA < 2.5 AND <3 MetSG criteria |
• IS, normal weight (BMI <25 kg/m2) |
| • BMI > 30 kg/m2 | ||
| • Diabetics included | ||
| Ortega [16] | • ≤1 MetSC criteria |
• ≤1 MetSC criteria, normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) or • ≤1 MetSC criteria, normal body fat (<25% men/<30% women) |
| • Body Fat% ≥ 25/30 (M/F) ORBMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 | ||
| • Diabetics included |
ATG ≥150 mg/dL, HDL <50 mg/dL, ≥54.5% of LDL particles with diameter <255A, Apo lipoprotein B level ≥1.36 g/L, fasting insulin level ≥ 85.2 pmol/L, blood pressure ≥ 135/85 mmHg, CRP ≥3.0 mg/L; B TG and waist circumference excluded, added BMI > 30 kg/m2 into criteria; C Waist circumference excluded; DWaist circumference excluded, added BMI ≥ 29.4 kg/m2 cut-point into criteria; EWaist circumference ≥89 cm for men and ≥91 cm for women, blood pressure ≥ 140/85 mmHg; FTG excluded, added CRP ≥ 3 mg/L into criteria; G Waist circumference ≥94 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women, fasting plasma glucose ≥ 100 mg/dl or use of hypoglycemic therapy.