Table 4.

Results of multivariate linear mixed models estimating association between Hgb A1c levels, SES and associated variables across four different models

	Income model		Material deprivation model		Social deprivation model		Combined material and social deprivation model
	Difference in mean Hgb A1c (95% CI)	P-value	Difference in mean Hgb A1c (95% CI)	P-value	Difference in mean Hgb A1c (95% CI)	P-value	Difference in mean Hgb A1c (95% CI)	P-value
Deprivation
• Most deprived (reference)	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
• Deprived	0.004 (-0.028 to 0.038)	0.78	-0.047 (-0.085 to -0.008)	0.02	0.019 (-0.011 to 0.048)	0.21	-0.017 (-0.052 to 0.018)	0.34
• Neutral	-0.019 (-0.052 to 0.012)	0.23	-0.029 (-0.065 to 0.007)	0.12	0.014 (-0.016 to 0.044)	0.37	-0.011 (-0.046 to 0.023)	0.52
• Less deprived	-0.023 (-0.055 to 0.008)	0.15	-0.040 (-0.075 to -0.004)	0.03	0.008 (-0.023 to 0.039)	0.62	-0.004 (-0.039 to 0.030)	0.79
• Least deprived	-0.020 (-0.049 to 0.009)	0.18	-0.035 (-0.069 to -0.001)	0.04	0.022 (-0.009 to 0.054)	0.18	-0.010 (-0.044 to 0.024)	0.57
LDL*	0.021 (0.010 to 0.032)	0.0001	0.020 (0.01 to 0.031)	0.0002	0.0214 (0.011 to 0.032)	0.0001	0.021 (0.010 to 0.032)	0.0001
HDL*	-0.067 (-0.094 to -0.039)	<0.0001	-0.068 (-0.095 to -0.040)	<0.0001	-0.067 (-0.095 to 0.040)	<0.0001	-0.068 (-0.09 to -0.040)	<0.0001
Triglycerides*	0.021 (0.008 to 0.034)	0.001	0.021 (0.008 to 0.033)	0.001	0.021 (0.008 to 0.034)	0.001	0.021 (0.008 to 0.034)	0.001
BMI†	0.004 (0.002 to 0.006)	<0.0001	0.004 (0.002 to 0.006)	<0.0001	0.004 (0.002 to 0.006)	<0.0001	0.004 (0.002 to 0.006)	<0.0001
SBP‡	0.003 (-0.001 to 0.001)	0.53	0.001 (-0.001 to 0.001)	0.59	0.001 (-0.001 to 0.001)	0.54	0.001 (-0.001 to 0.001)	0.55
DBP‡	0.001 (-0.001 to 0.002)	0.20	0.001 (-0.001 to 0.002)	0.17	0.001 (-0.001 to 0.002)	0.20	0.001 (-0.001 to 0.002)	0.19
Age§	0.007 (0.006 to 0.008)	<0.0001	0.007 (0.006 to 0.008)	<0.0001	0.007 (0.006 to 0.008)	<0.0001	0.001 ( 0.006 to 0.008)	<0.0001
Male gender	-0.050 (-0.073 to -0.028)	<0.0001	-0.051 (-0.074 to -0.029)	<0.0001	-0.051 (-0.073 to -0.028)	<0.0001	-0.051 (-0.073 to -0.029)	<0.0001
Family History of Diabetes	0.030 (0.005 to 0.055)	0.02	0.031 (0.005 to 0.055)	0.02	0.04 (0.005 to 0.056)	0.02	0.031 ( 0.006 to 0.056)	0.02

LDL—low density lipoprotein, HDL – high density lipoprotein, BMI – body mass index, SBP—systolic blood pressure, DBP—diastolic blood pressure.

* For each additional 1 mmol/L.

† For each additional 1 unit.

‡ For each additional 1 mmHg. § for each additional year.