Table 2.
Participant baseline characteristics
| Study | Mean age (SD) | Sex | Mean (SD) MS duration in years | MS disease course | EDSS/GNDS mean (SD) | Depression severity measure mean score (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Larcombe (1984) [48] |
42.5 (NR) |
CBT: F7 M2; Ctrl: F6 M4 |
NR |
NR |
NR |
BDI. CBT: 27.44 (5.64); Ctrl: 29.00 (8.67) |
| Mohr (2001) [25] |
43.9 (10.0) |
F46 M17 |
7.7 (NR) |
RR or SP |
EDSS: 2.4 (NR) |
BDI. CBT: 24.8 (7.1); Ctrl: 23.5 (7.6) |
| Mohr (2005) [47] |
CBT: 48.6 (9.6); Ctrl: 47.3 (10.1). |
CBT: F47 M15; Ctrl: F51 M14 |
CBT: 11.6 (10.1); Ctrl: 10.9 (10.1) |
NR |
GNDS. CBT: 23.9 (5.8); Ctrl 22.9 (6.7) |
BDI. CBT: 27.00 (7.78); Ctrl: 28.32 (7.91) |
| Mohr (2000) [45] |
CBT: 42.6 (12.8); Ctrl: 42.1 (9.4) |
CBT: F10 M6; Ctrl: F13 M3 |
CBT: 6.1 (6.6); Ctrl: 6.1 (6.7) |
CBT: RR16; Ctrl: RR16 |
GNDS. CBT: 19.0 (9.2); Ctrl: 17.9 (9.2) |
POMS-DS. CBT: 33.1 (12.4); Ctrl: 27.9 (12.1) |
| Forman (2010) [43] |
CBT: 47.3 (10.3); Ctrl: 47.7 (9.8) |
CBT: F16 M4; Ctrl: F16 M4 |
CBT: 7.3 (5.4); Ctrl: 12.4 (11.4) |
CBT: RR13 PP3 SP3 B1; Ctrl: RR13 PP1 SP6 |
GNDS. CBT: 19.39 (5.55); Ctrl: 25.37 (8.04) |
HADS-D. CBT: 9.5 (3.3); Ctrl: 8.5 (4.3) |
| Lincoln (2011) [44] |
CBT: 44.5 (11.1); Ctrl: 47.5 (10.5) |
NR |
CBT: 9.2 (7.8); Ctrl: 10.5 (8.0) |
CBT: RR55 PP4 SP12 B1; Ctrl: RR48 PP11 SP18 B2 |
GNDS. CBT: 17.3 (7.8); Ctrl: 16.7 (6.9) |
BDI. CBT: 23.1 (12.2); Ctrl: 21.9 (8.7) |
| Cooper (2011) [30] | CBT: 48 (7.7); Ctrl: 42 (7.0) | CBT: F11 M1; Ctrl: F7 M5 | NR | CBT: RR7 SP5; Ctrl: RR12 | EDSS. CBT: 4.8 (1.7); Ctrl: 3.6 (1.8) | BDI. CBT: 21.0 (4.0); Ctrl: 23.3 (5.2) |
B: Benign MS disease course; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; CBT: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy group; Ctrl: Control group; EDSS: Expanded Disability Status Scale; F: Female; GNDS: Guy’s Neurological Disability Scale; HADS-D: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – Depression subscale; M: Male; NR: Not reported; POMS-DS: Profile of Mood States - Depression-Dejection Scale; PP: Primary-progressive MS disease course; RR: Relapsing-remitting MS disease course; SP: Secondary-progressive MS disease course.