Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants
| |
Women |
Men |
Total |
|---|---|---|---|
|
(N = 1245) |
(N = 1007) |
(N = 2252) |
|
| N (%) | |||
|
Age (years) |
|
|
|
| 18–29 |
478 (38.4%) |
448 (44.5%) |
926 (41.1%) |
| 30–44 |
415 (33.3%) |
315 (31.3%) |
730 (32.4%) |
| 45–59 |
194 (15.6%) |
151 (15.0%) |
345 (15.3%) |
| ≥ 60 |
158 (12.7%) |
93 (9.2%) |
251 (11.2%) |
|
Marital status
a
|
|
|
|
| Single |
172 (14.6%) |
300 (32.7%) |
472 (22.5%) |
| Married (ever) |
1009 (85.4%) |
618 (67.3%) |
1627 (77.5%) |
|
BMI (kg/m
2
)
b
|
|
|
|
| ≤ 25 |
892 (71.7%) |
923 (91.7%) |
1815 (80.6%) |
| 25 – 30 |
243 (19.5%) |
68 (6.8%) |
311 (13.8%) |
| ≥ 30 |
110 (8.8%) |
15 (1.5%) |
125 (5.5%) |
|
Occupation |
|
|
|
| Unemployed |
158 (12.7%) |
176 (17.5%) |
334 (14.8%) |
| Manual |
1014 (81.4%) |
758 (75.3%) |
1772 (78.7%) |
| Sedentary |
73 (5.9%) |
73 (7.2%) |
146 (6.5%) |
|
Education level |
|
|
|
| No school |
310 (24.9%) |
94 (9.3%) |
404 (17.9%) |
| Primary |
651 (52.3%) |
532 (52.8%) |
1183 (52.5%) |
| Secondary |
222 (17.8%) |
297 (29.5%) |
519 (23.1%) |
| Tertiary and beyond |
62 (5.0%) |
84 (8.3%) |
146 (6.5%) |
|
Acres of land owned
c
|
|
|
|
| None |
142 (12.4%) |
96 (10.2%) |
238 (11.4%) |
| ≤ 1 |
282 (24.5%) |
157 (16.6%) |
439 (21.0%) |
| 1–5 |
484 (42.1%) |
370 (39.2%) |
854 (40.8%) |
| ≥ 5 |
242 (21.0%) |
322 (34.1%) |
564 (26.9%) |
|
Current tobacco use |
|
|
|
| No |
1208 (97.0%) |
783 (77.8%) |
1991 (88.4%) |
| Yes |
37 (3.0%) |
224 (22.2%) |
261 (11.6%) |
|
Alcohol use (drinks consumed per month)
d
|
|
|
|
| None |
986 (79.3%) |
527 (52.4%) |
1513 (67.3%) |
| 0–10 |
196 (15.7%) |
236 (23.5%) |
432 (19.2%) |
| ≥ 10 |
62 (5.0%) |
242 (24.1%) |
304 (13.5%) |
|
HIV |
|
|
|
| Negative |
1107 (88.9%) |
923 (91.7%) |
2030 (90.1%) |
| Positive |
138 (11.1%) |
84 (8.3%) |
222 (9.9%) |
|
Random plasma glucose (mmol/L)
e
|
|
|
|
| 0–7 |
1101 (88.7%) |
895 (89.2%) |
1996 (88.9%) |
| 7–11 |
126 (10.2%) |
103 (10.3%) |
229 (10.2%) |
| ≥ 11.1 |
14 (1.1%) |
5 (0.5%) |
19 (0.9%) |
|
Family history
f
|
|
|
|
| No |
962 (79.5%) |
798 (81.6%) |
1760 (80.4%) |
| Yes |
248 (20.5%) |
180 (18.4%) |
428 (19.6%) |
|
Blood pressure (BP) (mm Hg) |
|
|
|
| Systolic Blood Pressure Mean (SD) |
122.5 (18.6) |
125.5 (16.7) |
123.8 (17.9) |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure Mean (SD) |
74.9 (12.1) |
74.8 (11.7) |
74.9 (11.9) |
|
Hypertension (elevated BP or taking antihypertensives) |
192 (15.4%) |
162 (16.1%) |
354 (15.7%) |
|
BP ≥140/≥90 mm Hg |
170 (13.7%) |
155 (15.4%) |
325 (14.4%) |
| Stage 1 (140–159/90–99) |
104 (8.4%) |
108 (10.7%) |
212 (9.4%) |
| Stage 2 (≥160/≥100) |
66 (5.3%) |
47 (4.7%) |
113 (5.0%) |
|
Self-reported hypertension |
164 (13.2%) |
60 (6.0%) |
224 (10.0%) |
|
Awareness (if hypertensive, N = 354) |
97 (50.5%) |
38 (23.5%) |
135 (38.1%) |
|
Receiving treatment (if hypertensive, N = 354) |
55 (28.6%) |
18 (11.1%) |
73 (20.6%) |
| BP controlled (if receiving treatment, N = 73) | 22 (40.0%) | 7 (38.9%) | 29 (39.7%) |
aN = 2099, female = 1181, male = 918.
bN = 2251, female = 1245, male = 1006.
cN = 2095, female = 1150, male = 945.
dN = 2249, female = 1244, male = 1005.
eN = 2244, female = 1241, male = 1003.
fN = 2188, female = 1210, male = 978.