Table 6.

Odds ratio for variables of interest associated with gender for those living with diabetes

		n	Unadjusted Odds ratio (95% CI)		Adjusted† Odds ratio (95% CI)
Education		6933
	Post-secondary		1.0		1.0
	Less than high school		1.5	(1.2–1.9)*	1.0	(0.7–1.4)
	High school		1.1	(0.9–1.3)	0.9	(0.7–1.2)
	Some post-secondary		1.1	(0.8–1.5)	0.9	(0.6–1.3)
Income quintiles		6933
	Fifth quintile (highest)		1.0		1.0
	Fourth quintile		1.2	(0.9–1.5)	1.2	(0.9–1.6)
	Third quintile		1.9	(1.4–2.5)*	1.6	(1.2–2.2)*
	Second quintile		2.1	(1.6–2.7)*	1.7	(1.2–2.3)*
	First quintile (lowest)		2.7	(2.0–3.7)*	1.8	(1.3–2.6)*
Marital status		6933
	Married/common-law		1.0		1.0
	Divorced, widowed, or separated		3.1	(2.6–3.7)*	3.5	(2.8–4.4)*
	Never married		1.7	(1.3–2.2)*	1.4	(1.1–1.9)*
BMI category		6933
	Normal/underweight		1.0		1.0
	Overweight		0.8	(0.6–0.9)*	0.9	(0.7–1.1)
	Obese		1.0	(0.9–1.3)	1.1	(0.8–1.4)
Hypertension‡		4621
	Does not have hypertension		1.0		1.0
	Has hypertension		1.5	(1.2–1.7)*	2.0	(1.4–2.8)*
Heart disease‡		4596
	Does not have heart disease		1.0		1.0
	Has heart disease		1.0	(0.8–1.1)	0.8	(0.6–1.0)*
Anxiety disorder		6929
	Does not have an anxiety disorder		1.0		1.0
	Has an anxiety disorder		2.5	(1.9–3.3)*	2.3	(1.7–3.2)*
Mood disorder		6916
	Does not have a mood disorder		1.0
	Has a mood disorder		2.7	(2.1–3.5)*	2.4	(1.8–3.1)*
Physical activity		6933
	Moderately/sufficiently active		1.0		1.0
	Inactive		1.5	(1.3–1.8)*	1.5	(1.2–1.8)*
Smoking status		6933
	Current smoker		1.0		1.0
	Former smoker		0.8	(0.6–1.0)*	0.8	(0.6–1.0)*
	Never-smoked		2.5	(2.0–3.2)*	2.2	(1.6–3.0)*
Alcohol consumption		6933
	More than 1 drink a week		1.0		1.0
	1 drink a week or less		3.4	(2.7–4.2)*	3.4	(2.7–4.2)*
	Non-drinker		5.0	(4.0–6.2)*	4.1	(3.2–5.4)*
Recommended fruit and vegetable consumption		6933
	Not meeting recommendations		1.0		1.0
	Meeting recommendations		1.9	(1.8–2.0)*	2.3	(1.8–2.9)*
Activity limitation^		6901
	No activity limitation		1.0		1.0
	Activity limitation		1.4	(1.2–1.6)	1.1	(0.9–1.3)
Working status last week		5592
	Had a job, was present last week		1.0		1.0
	Had a job, was absent last week		1.1	(0.7–1.7)	1.1	(0.6–1.8)
	Did not have a job last week		1.8	(1.5–2.2)*	1.8	(1.4–2.4)*
	Permanently unable to find work		1.5	(1.1–2.0)*	1.1	(0.8–1.6)
Food avoidance
	Does not avoid foods		1.0		1.0
	Avoids food with fat ||	1161	1.8	(1.3–2.5)*	2.1	(1.4–3.0)*
	Avoids foods with high calories ||	1158	1.8	(1.3–2.3)*	2.2	(1.6–3.0)*
	Avoids foods with cholesterol||	1755	1.1	(0.8–1.4)	1.1	(0.8–1.5)
Concerned about food choice/avoidance
	Not concerned		1.0		1.0
	Concerned about weight ||	1762	1.3	(1.0–1.7)	1.3	(0.9–1.9)
	Concerned about HD ||	1757	1.3	(1.0–1.7)*	1.6	(1.1–2.2)*

*OR is statistically significant when 95% confidence interval does not include 1.0; ordinal logistic regression, with survey expansion weights, modeled for the effect of being female compared with male.

†Covariates were age, education, income, marital status, BMI, physical activity level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, recommended fruit and vegetable consumption, and number of consultations with a medical doctor; ‡additional covariates for hypertension model included taking medications for high blood pressure and additional covariates for heart disease model included hypertension and currently taking medications for high blood pressure.

||These variables were only asked of respondents residing in Prince Edward Island, Manitoba, Alberta, British Columbia, and the North West Territories.

^Variable was derived from questions asking if the respondent had difficulty hearing, seeing, communicating, walking, climbing stairs, bending, leaning, or if they experience a long-term physical or mental condition or health problem that reduces the amount or the kind of activity.