Fig. 5.

IPF patients have increased expression of IL-25 and ILC2 in the BAL. BAL fluid was collected from patients with IPF at diagnosis and at a 1-y follow-up (IPF + 1 y) and patients diagnosed with erythema nodosum (EN; nonprogressive patients). (A) IL-25, IL-13, TGFβ, and IL-17A in BAL fluid expressed as fold-increase relative to EN patients. (B) Correlation between BAL fluid levels of IL-25, IL-13, TGFβ, or IL-17A and periostin was plotted and Pearson’s correlation calculated and displayed on the graph. (C) Representative plots of ILC2 [lineage (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD11b, CD11c, CD19, CD14, CD56, CD123, FcεR1) negative, expressing CRTH2, T1/ST2, CD45, ICOS, IL-7Rα, and IL-17BR] in the BAL of nonfibrotic patients and IPF patients, with expression of these cells displayed as a percentage of live cells per sample. Data are representative of mean ± SEM (n = 3, EN; n = 14, IPF and IPF + 1 y) (ns, not significant; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01).