Fig. 1.

Similar HOKR gain increase at the end of training but distinct retention on day 2 by massed or spaced training. (A) Protocols for HOKR training at 0.25 Hz, 17° screen oscillations. Mice received 900 cycles of 1 h massed (M; red) or 225 cycles × 4 of spaced (S) training with intervals of 10 min (S₁₀; orange), 20 min (S₂₀; dark yellow), 40 min (S₄₀; green), or 60 min (S₆₀; blue). Time taken to complete each protocol is shown in hours below. (B) Representative eye traces from individual animals at the start (black), at the end (blue), and on day 2 (red) after the 1-h training. (C) Similar HOKR gain increase (%) by M (n = 10) and S₆₀ (n = 9). (D) Relative gain increases at the end of training (day 1) and on day 2 indicating retention of HOKR adaptation after 24 h. (E and F) Similar to C and D but for shorter resting intervals of S₁₀, S₂₀, and S₄₀ (n = 6–9). ***P < 0.001 vs. initial gain, one-way ANOVA. (D and F) *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. end of training on day 1, paired t test.