Fig. 2.

Third metacarpal dimensions in modern human males (n = 41) and females (n = 38), Late Pleistocene H. sapiens (n = 18), Neandertals (n = 10), and KNM-WT 51260. (A) Articular length measured between center of proximal and distal joint surfaces. (B) Styloid process length measured as proximal projection from center of proximal articular surface. (C) Styloid process length expressed as a ratio of articular length. Neandertal and Upper Paleolithic H. sapiens have relatively shorter styloid processes than modern humans, although their ranges overlap. KNM-WT 51260 falls within the ranges of both modern and fossil specimens (Fig. S2, Table S3 and Table S4).