Table 2.

Plasma [3-¹³C]glucose/[4-¹³C]glucose ratios observed during transaldolase exchange and triose phosphate isomerase exchange

[1-13C]Acetate Infusion	13C3 enrichment	13C4 enrichment	13C3/13C4
Baseline
Healthy	0.29 ± 0.03	0.39 ± 0.03	0.72 ± 0.04
T2DM	0.26 ± 0.05	0.38 ± 0.06	0.66 ± 0.02
Clamp
Healthy	0.30 ± 0.03	0.43 ± 0.06	0.72 ± 0.05
T2DM	0.36 ± 0.06	0.52 ± 0.07	0.66 ± 0.03
[U-13C]glycerol infusion
Healthy (baseline)	0.46 ± 0.03	0.56 ± 0.02	0.81 ± 0.05
Healthy (clamp)	0.23 ± 0.02	0.32 ± 0.04	0.72 ± 0.04

Data are presented as means ± SE. ¹³C enrichment of glucose in carbons 3 and 4 in healthy subjects infused with [1-¹³C]acetate and [U-¹³C]glycerol and type 2 diabetic subjects with [1-¹³C]acetate alone under baseline and clamp conditions.