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Schematic of the imaging ball lens, (a) side view (coronal plane beam propagation), and (b) front view (transverse plane beam propagation). SMF, single mode fiber; CLF, coreless fiber. (c) Fiber-optic ball lens fabricated, before and after polishing. The red circle represents transverse plane curvature and the blue circle represents coronal plane curvature of the lens. (d) Ball lens enclosed within a 3-layer torque coil with a hypotube at the distal end, Scale bar: 0.5 mm.
