Table 5.
Simple estimates of the number of people who inject drugs with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in WHO European Region
| Country | Population aged ⩾15 yr in 2008 | Estimated number of current PWID* | Prevalence | Estimated numbers with infection (rounded to nearest 100) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Prevalence | Imputed from median prevalence | HBsAg | Anti-HCV | HBsAg | Anti-HCV | Chronic HCV | ||
| Those outside EU/EFTA | |||||||||
| Albania | 2 389 000 | 10 000 | 15% | 13% | 1500 | 1300 | 900 | ||
| Armenia | 2 431 000 | 2000 | 0·08% | ||||||
| Azerbaijan | 6 549 000 | 300 000 | 4·58% | 5·9% | 54% | 17 700 | 162 700 | 120 400 | |
| Belarus | 8 228 000 | 6308 | 0·08% | 13% | 39% | 800 | 2500 | 1800 | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3 170 000 | 5500 | 0·17% | 2·7% | 38% | 100 | 2100 | 1500 | |
| Croatia | 3 760 000 | 16 740 | 0·45% | 0·8% | 46% | 100 | 7700 | 5700 | |
| Georgia | 3 575 000 | 127 833 | 3·58% | 2·9% | 67% | 3700 | 85 600 | 63 400 | |
| Israel | 5 077 000 | 21 000 | 4·3% | 62% | 900 | 13 000 | 9600 | ||
| Kazakhstan | 11 796 000 | 100 000 | 0·85% | 7·9% | 60% | 7900 | 60 000 | 44 400 | |
| Kyrgyzstan | 3 790 000 | 25 000 | 0·66% | 54% | 13 600 | 10 000 | |||
| Montenegro | 498 000 | 2000 | 38% | 800 | 600 | ||||
| Republic of Moldova | 3 016 000 | 3810 | 0·13% | 6·8% | 43% | 300 | 1600 | 1200 | |
| Russian Federation | 120 185 000 | 1 825 000 | 1·52% | 31% | 73% | 565 800 | 1 332 300 | 985 900 | |
| Serbia | 8 068 000 | 18 000 | 0·22% | 15% | 52% | 2600 | 9400 | 6900 | |
| Tajikistan | 4 239 000 | 17 000 | 0·40% | 33% | 5500 | 4100 | |||
| FYR Macedonia | 1 674 000 | 2691 | 0·16% | ||||||
| Turkey | 53 958 000 | 226 000 | 2·9% | 5·3% | 6600 | 12 000 | 8900 | ||
| Turkmenistan | 3 531 000 | 14 000 | |||||||
| Ukraine | 39 554 000 | 375 000 | 0·95% | 12% | 71% | 44 000 | 266 300 | 197 000 | |
| Uzbekistan | 19 034 000 | 80 000 | 0·42% | 36% | 28 800 | 21 300 | |||
| Median prevalence of injecting drug use | 0·4% | ||||||||
| Countries without HBsAg estimated using median prevalence | 142 691 | 6·8% | 9700 | ||||||
| Countries without anti-HCV estimated using median prevalence | 18 691 | 46% | 8600 | 6400 | |||||
| Total (rounded to nearest 1000) | 662 000 | 2 014 000 | 1 490 000 | ||||||
| Those in UE/EFTA | |||||||||
| Austria2 | 7 087 000 | 17 500 | 0·25% | 53% | 9300 | 6900 | |||
| Belgium4 | 8 790 000 | 25 800 | 0·29% | 3·7% | 74% | 1000 | 19 100 | 14 100 | |
| Bulgaria5 | 6 606 000 | 20 250 | 0·31% | 5·5% | 58% | 1100 | 11 700 | 8700 | |
| Cyprus1 | 707 000 | 446 | 0·06% | 3·5% | 36% | 20 | 200 | 100 | |
| Czech Republic1 | 8 875 000 | 31 200 | 0·35% | 12% | 3700 | 2700 | |||
| Denmark1 | 4 476 000 | 12 754 | 0·28% | 53% | 6700 | 5000 | |||
| Estonia4 | 1 140 000 | 13 801 | 1·21% | 90% | 12 400 | 9200 | |||
| Finland3 | 4 403 000 | 15 650 | 0·36% | 42% | 6600 | 4900 | |||
| France3 | 50 870 000 | 122 000 | 0·24% | 45% | 54 900 | 40 600 | |||
| Germany5 | 70 748 000 | 94 250 | 0·13% | 2·0% | 75% | 1900 | 70 700 | 52 300 | |
| Greece2 | 9 578 000 | 8148 | 0·09% | 2·5% | 50% | 200 | 4100 | 3000 | |
| Hungary1 | 8 511 000 | 3941 | 0·05% | 0·5% | 23% | 20 | 900 | 700 | |
| Iceland | 249 000 | 600 | |||||||
| Ireland5 | 3 506 000 | 6289 | 0·18% | 0·4% | 72% | 30 | 4500 | 3400 | |
| Italy1 | 51 260 000 | 326 000 | 0·64% | 59% | 193 000 | 142 800 | |||
| Latvia5 | 1 943 000 | 5500 | 74% | 4100 | 3000 | ||||
| Lithuania4 | 2 823 000 | 5123 | 0·18% | 5·9% | 73% | 300 | 3700 | 2800 | |
| Luxembourg1 | 395 000 | 1482 | 0·38% | 3·9% | 81% | 100 | 1200 | 900 | |
| Malta1 | 342 000 | 900 | 33% | 300 | 200 | ||||
| Netherlands4 | 13 553 000 | 3115 | 0·02% | 3·0% | 77% | 100 | 2400 | 1800 | |
| Norway1 | 3 862 000 | 10 032 | 0·26% | 1·2% | 74% | 100 | 7400 | 5500 | |
| Poland4 | 32 389 000 | 88 000 | 4·6% | 59% | 4000 | 51 900 | 38 400 | ||
| Portugal2 | 9 076 000 | 16 425 | 0·18% | 5·0% | 46% | 800 | 7600 | 5600 | |
| Romania5 | 18 157 000 | 49 000 | 10% | 64% | 5000 | 31 400 | 23 200 | ||
| Slovakia5 | 4 536 000 | 18 841 | 0·42% | 50% | 9400 | 7000 | |||
| Slovenia1 | 1 733 000 | 7310 | 0·42% | 3·4% | 22% | 200 | 1600 | 1200 | |
| Spain3 | 37 814 000 | 83 972 | 0·22% | 73% | 61 600 | 45 500 | |||
| Sweden5 | 7 641 000 | 29 513 | 0·39% | 88% | 26 000 | 19 300 | |||
| Switzerland1 | 6 335 000 | 31 653 | 0·50% | 78% | 24 700 | 18 300 | |||
| United Kingdom4 | 50 210 000 | 142 650 | 0·28% | 46% | 65 600 | 48 600 | |||
| Median prevalence of injecting drug use | 0·3% | ||||||||
| Countries without HBsAg estimated using median prevalence | 852 534 | 3·5% | 29 800 | ||||||
| Countries without anti-HCV estimated using median prevalence | 600 | 59% | 400 | 300 | |||||
| Total (rounded to nearest 1000) | 45 000 | 697 000 | 516 000 | ||||||
| Total Europe (rounded to nearest 1000) | 706 000 | 2 711 000 | 2 006 000 | ||||||
FYR, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; Anti-HCV, antibodies to the hepatitis C virus; EU/EFTA, European Union and European Free Trade Association area; EU/EFTA HBsAg and anti-HCV data from EMCDDA website plus a literature search for Switzerland and Iceland (1 National study; 2 weighted mean of national studies; 3 multi-city; 4 weighted mean from city/sub-region studies; 5 one city/region.)
*
Mathers et al. [26], plus data for Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Cyprus, Estonia, Greece, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Portugal, Sweden, and United Kingdom from EMCDDA website; and data for Serbia from the Republic of Serbia UNGASS Country Progress Report on AIDS 2010.