Table 7. Joint association of total muscle-strengthening and conditioning activities and aerobic MVPA according to recommendations [13]–[15] and risk of type 2 diabetes in women from the Nurses' Health Study (2000–2008) and Nurses' Health Study II (2001–2009).
| Characteristics | None(No Aerobic MVPA and No Muscle-Strengthening Activity) | Neither Recommendation(Engage in Some Activity but Less Than Recommended) | Recommendation for Muscle-Strengthening Activities only(≥60 min/week) | Recommendation for Aerobic MVPA only(≥150 min/week) | Recommendation for Both Muscle-Strengthening Activities and Aerobic MVPA |
| Nurses' Health Study | |||||
| Cases/person years | 672/69,052 | 851/120,358 | 193/35,507 | 305/76,975 | 137/43,861 |
| Age adjusted | 1.00 | 0.70 (0.63–0.78) | 0.54 (0.46–0.63) | 0.39 (0.34–0.45) | 0.30 (0.25–0.36) |
| Multivariable adjusted model | 1.00 | 0.73 (0.66–0.81) | 0.60 (0.51–0.70) | 0.45 (0.39–0.51) | 0.37 (0.31–0.45) |
| Nurses' Health Study II | |||||
| Cases/person years | 383/52,285 | 570/132,689 | 116/36,578 | 156/70,641 | 108/67,924 |
| Age adjusted | 1.00 | 0.57 (0.50–0.65) | 0.41 (0.33–0.50) | 0.30 (0.25–0.37) | 0.22 (0.18–0.27) |
| Multivariable adjusted model | 1.00 | 0.63 (0.55–0.72) | 0.46 (0.38–0.57) | 0.37 (0.31–0.45) | 0.29 (0.23–0.36) |
| Pooled results a | 1.00 | 0.69 (0.64–0.75) | 0.54 (0.48–0.62) | 0.42 (0.38–0.47) | 0.33 (0.29–0.38) |
Muscle-strengthening and conditioning activities were defined as engaging in at least two times/week (we approximated this to be equivalent to ≥60 min/week). Aerobic MVP was defined as ≥150 min/week of at least moderate intensity. Data are relative risks (95% CI). Multivariable model included age (months), smoking (never, past, or current), alcohol consumption (0, 1–5, >5 g/d), coffee intake (0, <1, 1–3, 3–5, >5 cups/day), race (white, non-white), family history of diabetes, post menopausal hormone use (never, past, current), intake of total energy, trans fat, polyunsaturated fat to saturated fat ratio, cereal fiber, wholegrain, and glycemic load (all dietary factors in quintiles), oral contraceptive use (only NHSII: never, past, current), menopausal status (only NHSII: pre, post).
a Combined using fixed effect pooling of estimates from multivariable adjusted models.