Table 4.

Predictors of AR-BI in 70 Culture-Positive Infections: 115 First Infection Only Patients

Characteristic	OR (95% CI)	P value
Univariate analysis for predictors of antibiotic-resistant infection
Demographic variables
Age	1.02 (0.97–1.07)	.48
Medications and comorbidities
On β-blockers	1.4 (0.5–3.6)	.49
On proton pump inhibitors	2.3 (0.8–6.2)	.11
Diabetes mellitus	1.2 (0.5–3.2)	.71
Mode of infection acquisition and antibiotic exposure history
Nosocomial infection	10.3 (3.3–32.1)	.001
Antibiotics within 30 d of bacterial infection (any antibiotic vs no antibiotic)	7.7 (2.2–26.1)	.001
Antibiotics within 30 d of bacterial infection
No antibiotic	1.0	Reference category
Oral nonabsorbed antibiotics	0.7 (0.1–4.2)	.7
Systemic antibioticsa	32 (7–144)	.001
Laboratory test results and severity of liver disease
Albumin level, g/dL	2.2 (1.0–4.6)	.04
White blood cell count	1.03 (0.96–1.11)	.44
Child–Pugh score	1.8 (1.2–2.6)	.002
MELD score	1.08 (1.03–1.14)	.004
Multivariate analysis for predictors of antibiotic-resistant infection
Antibiotic use within 30 d of bacterial infection
No antibiotic	1	Reference
Oral nonabsorbed antibiotic	0.4 (0.04–2.8)	.32
Systemic antibioticsa	13.5 (2.6–71.6)	.002
Nosocomial infection	1.6 (0.2–9.9)	.6
MELD	1.05 (0.96–1.15)	.3
Albumin level, g/dL	1.5 (0.6–4.1)	.4

^aSome patients also received oral nonabsorbed antibiotics.