Immunolabeling for proteins of the synaptonemal complex (SYCP2, lateral elements) and recombination nodules was performed on spread nuclei of spermatocytes from wild type and Meiob−/− testes at postnatal day 16. The meiotic stages of spermatocytes were determined based on the morphology of the synaptonemal complexes. Spermatocytes were categorized into the following groups: leptotene (Le), early-mid zygotene (e-Zy), late zygotene (l-Zy), and pachytene (Pa). Pachytene-like (Pa-like) spermatocytes contained prominent but short lateral elements (See supplementary Fig. S8f). Pa-like spermatocytes were present in Meiob−/− testes but absent in wild type testes. Dot plots for each DNA repair protein show the number of foci per cell; solid lines designate the average for each spermatocyte category. n, number of cells counted. Representative images of spermatocytes at early-mid zygotene stages are shown in separate channels and as merged images. (a) RAD51 foci. (b) DMC1 foci. (c) RPA foci. (d) TEX11 foci. Scale bars, 10 µm.