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. 2014 Jan 6;33(1):3. doi: 10.1186/1756-9966-33-3

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Copyright © 2014 Zhao et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Parthenolide induces apoptosis through up-regulating ATF4 and DDIT3 in a dose-dependent (A) and a time-dependent (B) manner, and knockdown of ATF4 by siRNA decreases parthenolide–induced DDIT3 and apoptosis (C). Knockdown of DDIT3 decreases parthenolide-induced TNFRSF10B, PMAIP1 expression and apoptosis (D). The indicated cells were treated with indicated concentrations of PTL for 24 hrs (A) or treated with 20 μmol/L PTL for various lengths of time and harvested for Western blot analysis (B). A549 (C, D) and H1299 (C, D) cells were seeded in 6-well plates and on the second day transfected with control or ATF4 (C) or DDIT3 (D) siRNA. A549 cells were treated with 20 μmol/L PTL while H1299 cells with 10 μmol/L for 24 hours after 48 hrs of transfection and harvested for Western blot analysis.