FIG 1 .

AnxA6 negatively modulates influenza A virus replication. A431 wild-type (wt) and A431 cells stably overexpressing AnxA6 (A6) (A), as well as A549 cells transiently overexpressing GFP or AnxA6-GFP (B, left), were infected with the avian IAV isolate A/FPV/Bratislava/79 (H7N7; FPV) at an MOI of 0.01. At the indicated time points postinfection (p.i.), progeny virus titers were determined by standard plaque assay. IAV M1 and AnxA6 protein levels in cell lysates were determined by Western blotting. Equal protein loading was verified by using α-tubulin. (B, right) A549 cells transfected with AnxA6 siRNA (si_A6) or nontargeting control siRNA (si_ct) were infected with FPV for 24 h at an MOI of 0.1, and viral progeny were determined by standard plaque assay. Levels of M1 and AnxA6 proteins were monitored by Western blotting, and blots were probed for STAT3 to verify equal protein loading. Mean values ± SEM of at least three independent experiments were calculated and assessed for statistically significant differences using a two-tailed t test. *, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01; ***, P ≤ 0.001.