Table 4.
Ordered Logistic Regression of NVQ Level on Childhood Healtha
| Age 23 (1) | Age 33 (2) | Age 42 (3) | Age 42 (4) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prenatal/Infant Maternal Health Behaviors | ||||
| Low BW | −0.281** (3.13) | −0.271** (3.13) | −0.292** (3.17) | −0.376 (1.61) |
| Mother Breastfed | 0.173** (4.31) | 0.137** (3.32) | 0.147** (3.43) | 0.098 (0.84) |
| Late Pregnancy Smoking: Variable/Medium | −0.241** (5.31) | −0.206** (4.49) | −0.187** (4.13) | −0.170 (1.29) |
| Late Pregnancy Smoking: Heavy | −0.343** (5.72) | −0.297** (5.07) | −0.237** (3.97) | −0.248 (1.45) |
| School-Age Permanent/Transitory Health | ||||
| Health Problem at Age 7 | −0.605** (5.35) | −0.323** (2.97) | −0.365** (3.43) | −0.558† (1.83) |
| Health Problem at Age 11 | −0.123 (1.33) | −0.164 (1.45) | −0.060 (0.52) | −0.040 (0.15) |
| Health Problem at Ages 11 and 7 | −0.956** (4.04) | −0.482† (1.87) | −0.306 (1.18) | |
| Health Problem at Age 16 | −0.196** (2.90) | −0.040 (0.552) | −0.110 (1.60) | −0.463* (2.11) |
| Health Problem at Ages 16 and 11 | −0.727** (4.04) | −0.491** (2.70) | −0.317† (1.77) | |
| Health Problem at All Ages | −1.647** (5.60) | −1.118** (3.83) | −1.261* (4.33) | |
| Incomplete School-Age Health Data | −0.440 (3.84) | −0.080 (1.05) | −0.094 (1.19) | 0.151 (0.69) |
| Chronic Health Problem (More than 1 age) | −0.818** (2.45) | |||
| Average Social Class | −0.462** (11.13) | |||
| Medium Smoking * Average Social Class | −0.007 (0.14) | |||
| Heavy Smoking * Average Social Class | 0.003 (0.06) | |||
| Breastfeeding * Average Social Class | 0.020 (0.47) | |||
| Low Birth Weight * Average Social Class | 0.033 (0.39) | |||
| Age 7 Health Prob. * Average Social Class | 0.077 (0.65) | |||
| Age 11 Health Prob. * Average Social Class | −0.007 (0.08) | |||
| Age 16 Health Prob. * Average Social Class | 0.134 (1.50) | |||
| Chronic Health Prob. * Average Social Class | 0.107 (0.96) | |||
| Incomplete Health Data * Average Social Class | −0.102 (1.16) | |||
| Cutpoint Parameters: Cut 1 | ||||
| Cut 1 | −0.517 | −1.014 | −1.071 | −1.117 |
| Cut 2 | 1.616 | 0.334 | 0.235 | 0.189 |
| Cut 3 | 2.300 | 1.418 | 1.187 | 1.141 |
| Tests of Coefficient Equality | ||||
| All Health and Health Behaviors | ||||
| x2 (9) | 140.71 | 88.26 | 75.13 | |
| p>x2 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Ages 7-16 Health | ||||
| x2 (5) | 48.07 | 24.22 | 22.11 | |
| p>x2 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Log Likelihood | −13044.3 | −13700.1 | −13499.6 | −13496.9 |
| N | 12,047 | 10,704 | 10,590 | 10,590 |
a
Ordered logistic regression (1=NVQ Level 1, 4=NVQ Levels 4/5). t-ratios (|β/s.e.|) in parentheses. Reference category for school-age health is no childhood health problems. All models include controls for Table 1 child and family characteristics.
†
p<.10
*
p<.05
**
p <.01