Table 1. Morphometry and flight characteristics of the two vultures in different weather conditions. Values are mean ± SD with sample size in brackets.
Species | Himalayan griffon | Eurasian griffon | |||
Body mass (kg) | 7.5 | 7.7 | |||
Wingspan (m) | 2.80 | 2.56 | |||
Wing area (m2) | 1.22 | 0.95 | |||
Wing loading (kg.m−2) | 6.13 | 8.12 | |||
Weather | Sunny | Cloudy | Sunny | Cloudy | |
Flight duration (min) | 15.9±4.9 (6) | 10.0±1.9 (4) | 11.1±4.2 (7) | 5.7±3.4 (5) | |
Maximum flight height (m) | 615.7±207.3 (6) | 363.7±32.2 (4) | 462.8±120.5 (7) | 336.5±21.2 (5) | |
% flight time engaged in: | Flap | 4.0±4.2 (6) | 11.6±3.8 (4) | 2.8±1.5 (7) | 5.4±1.5 (5) |
Glide | 50.8±13.2 (6) | 51.8±12.3 (4) | 52.5±7.5 (7) | 52.0±5.8 (5) | |
Soar | 45.2±13.5 (6) | 36.6±11.5 (4) | 44.7±7.2 (7) | 42.6±5.6 (5) | |
Flight bout duration (sec) | Flap | 1.1±0.8 (165) | 1.1±0.7 (248) | 1.4±0.8 (88) | 1.4±0.6 (64) |
Glide | 15.9±40.0 (185) | 5.3±7.9 (228) | 18.3±24.3 (133) | 11.0±15.3 (80) | |
Soar | 34.5±43.3 (76) | 18.1±25.1 (51) | 31.0±25.8 (68) | 36.9±35.6 (20) | |
Mean HR (bpm) | Flap | 267.0±62.5 (165) | 280.5±61.5 (248) | 265.5±65.3 (88) | 247.4±66.4 (64) |
Glide | 235.8±84.0 (185) | 279.3±65.3 (228) | 119.6±95.3 (133) | 211.0±81.8 (80) | |
Soar | 168.4±65.9 (76) | 224.7±62.1 (51) | 110.7±28.6 (68) | 109.9±11.0 (20) | |
Mean ODBA (mG) | Flap | 559.4±165.7 (165) | 566.5±129.7 (248) | 582.8±200.8 (88) | 573.5±184.2 (64) |
Glide | 189.7±103.8 (185) | 198.6±86.9 (228) | 127.6±96.2 (133) | 138.1±79.2 (80) | |
Soar | 109.0±64.5 (76) | 161.1±114.0 (51) | 87.0±72.7 (68) | 67.1±13.8 (20) |