Table 5. PERMANOVA analyses comparing the sanctuary zone to local fished area ratio (SZ/FA) for univariate measures of fish assemblages, numerically-dominant families and key fish species among sanctuary zones (SZ) and among years since the commencement of the zoning plan for the Batemans Marine Park.

		(a) Species richness			(b) Total abundance
	df	MS	p-F	P	MS	p-F	P
SZ	5	1.70	16.15	<0.01	6.97	4.57	<0.01
Years	3	0.18	1.24	0.33	4.39	2.25	0.13
SZ × Years	15	0.15	1.47	0.13	2.03	1.33	0.21
Residual	168	0.11			1.52
		(c) Carangidae			(d) Kyphosidae
	df	MS	p-F	P	MS	p-F	P
SZ	5	26.72	3.38	<0.05	114.14	8.60	<0.01
Years	3	2.64	0.12	0.96	30.17	2.04	0.14
SZ × Years	15	25.65	3.24	<0.01	15.05	1.13	0.35
Residual	168	7.91			13.27
		(e) Labridae			(f) Monacanthidae
	df	MS	p-F	P	MS	p-F	P
SZ	5	2.18	6.77	<0.01	9.98	4.28	<0.01
Years	3	1.10	2.30	0.12	15.18	3.29	<0.05
SZ × Years	15	0.51	1.57	0.10	5.04	2.16	<0.05
Residual	168	0.32			2.33

p-F = pseudo F ratio generated by PERMANOVA.