Table 3.
Comparison of 5-hour area under the curve (AUC 0-5 h ) responses of biomarkers to test meals 1
|
Biomarkers |
Control (n = 16) |
Walnut (n = 16) |
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LS Mean | 95% CI | LS Mean | 95% CI | P value | |
| Total polyphenols, mmol GAE/L × h |
6.96 |
5.87, 8.25 |
7.39 |
5.87, 9.39 |
0.076 |
| Malondialdehyde, μmol/L × h |
0.81 |
0.62, 1.01 |
0.75 |
0.63, 0.87 |
0.048 |
| ORAC(hydrophilic), mmol/L × h |
7.14 |
6.53, 7.76 |
7.68 |
7.10, 8.26 |
0.008 |
| ORAC(lipophilic), mmol/L × h |
3.80 |
3.43, 4.17 |
4.12 |
3.80, 4.45 |
0.000 |
| FRAP, mmol Trolox equivalents/L |
6.57 |
5.46, 7.69 |
6.47 |
5.37,7.58 |
0.920 |
| Uric acid, μmol/L × h |
1612 |
1317, 1869 |
1651 |
1317, 1943 |
0.591 |
| Total cholesterol, , mmol/L × h |
24.1 |
21.4, 26.6 |
23.8 |
21.1, 26.4 |
0.556 |
| Triglycerides, , mmol/L × h |
12.8 |
9.2, 17.2 |
14.5 |
10.6, 19.1 |
0.037 |
| Oxidized LDL, mmol/L × h | -0.57 | 0.34, 0.97 | -0.65 | 0.36, 1.16 | 0.910 |
1Values are least square means ± SEM; AUC0-5h is the area under the concentration-time curve over 5 hours estimated by using the linear trapezoidal rule. A mixed model approach was used to compare AUC0-5h among test meals adjusting for period effect and treating subjects nested within a sequence as random effects.