Table 5.

Quantities of metabolites excreted in urine collected during 0 to 12 hours and during 12–24 hours following consumption of test meals ¹

	Control		Walnut
	0–12 h urine	12-24 h urine	0-12 h urine	12-24 h urine
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, mM	0.412 ± 0.353a	0.281 ± 0.182b*	0.375 ±197	0.401 ± 210
4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, mM	52.30 ± 35.68	49.73 ± 36.54	48.90 ± 25.37	72.44 ± 36.15
4-Methoxyphenylacetic acid, mM	6.45 ± 4.34	5.18 ± 2.86	4.59 ± 1.82a	7.71 ± 1.70b*
Urolithin A, μM	8.45 ± 0.88a	12.82 ± 28.03a	20.44 ± 32.18b*	100.59 ± 114.86b*

¹All values are means ± SD. Values in the same measure with different superscript letters a or b are significantly different (Student’s t test): *P < 0.05.