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. 2013 Sep 16;1:61. doi: 10.1186/2051-5960-1-61

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Copyright © 2013 Frackowiak et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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MDA immunoreactivity in large pyramidal neurons in layers 3 or 5 of frontal cortex in 10-year-old individual with dup(15)/autism [dup(15)] and in 8-year-old control subject (contr) brains. Mitochondria, visualized by immunostaining for cytochrome c oxidase COX IV, were the site of weak reactivity for MDA in control but a strong reactivity in dup(15)/autism brain. Most autophagic vacuoles (detected with antibody LC3B) and lysosomes/late endosomes (detected by the presence of Lamp-1 glycoprotein) did not contain a significant fraction of MDA. Bars 10 μm.